FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN THE EXHAUST SYSTEM OF A MOTORIZED ENGINE

Parviz Merati,Arman Mirhashemi,Claudia Fajardo-Hansford,Tianshu Liu 한국자동차공학회 2017 International journal of automotive technology Vol.18 No.4

Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) is used to measure the highly turbulent flow in the upstream region of the catalytic converter for a four stroke IC engine. These experiments are conducted for a motorized engine to investigate the feasibility of using SPIV for exhaust flow measurements in a firing IC engine in our future research. The results obtained here can also be used for validation of the CFD models. The measured flow is highly three dimensional, non-uniform with large magnitudes of turbulence indicating recirculating flow structures. These structures show signatures of jet flows coming out of the exhaust valves at all exhaust crank angles. The triangular shape and location for the end face of each exhaust runner pipe, the length and geometry of the runners also affect the flow mixing process upstream of the catalytic converter contributing to the complexity of this flow. Although majority of the exhaust flow passes through the catalytic converter, some will recirculate due to impingement of the exhaust jets on the surface of the catalyst.

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens affected by colibacillosis in Tiaret Province

Rachid Merati,Abdellatif Boudra,Abdelhamid Hammoudi,Hebib Aggad 한국예방수의학회 2020 예방수의학회지 Vol.44 No.2

Colibacillosis, which is caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting poultry and causes the great economic losses to poultry production worldwide. The present study investigated the presence of E. coli in broiler chickens affected by colibacillosis and reared at various locations in Tiaret Province as well as evaluated the susceptibility of isolated E. coli strains to various antimicrobial agents. A total of 110 samples collected from 55 broiler chickens representing liver (n=55) and spleen (n=55) showing lesions suspected to be colibacillosis were analyzed by conventional methods, and 33 E. coli isolates were tested on a panel of seven antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. The overall isolation rates of E. coli were 60% (33/55) and 50.9% (56/110) in whole chickens and organs, respectively. There was no variation in the isolation rate between organs: 50% (28/56) for liver and 50% (28/56) for spleen. All E. coli isolates tested showed 100% resistance to Nalidixic acid and Ofloxacine, followed by 93.93%, 90.90%, and 51.51% resistance to Tetracycline, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Co-trimoxazole), and Chloramphenicol, respectively. However, low resistance to Gentamycin was observed (12.12%), whereas all E. coli isolates were susceptible to Colistin sulfate. Multidrug resistance was observed in 96.96% (32/33) of the isolates tested. We conclude that E. coli was largely present in broiler chickens affected by colibacillosis in Tiaret Province, and multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates showed high resistance to multiple antibiotics.

Comparison between three fixed anaesthesia protocols in rabbits

Abdellatif Boudra,Idir Benbelkacem,Rachid Merati,Hamza Achour,Ilyes Djelloul Daouadji 한국예방수의학회 2020 예방수의학회지 Vol.44 No.3

In veterinary medicine, anaesthesia is fundamental for many medical acts, as complementary tests or surgical procedures. This discipline has evolved enormously in recent years, both in terms of practices as well as in terms of materials and used molecules.The aim of the present study was to compare three anaesthetic protocols, using injectable anaesthesia Ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine, ketamine/xylazine, and ketamine/xylazine /meloxicam in rabbits. Nine adult males, Neo-Zealand breed rabbits, weighing between 2.5 and 3.5 Kg were randomly divided into three groups, housed indoor to accommodate the place of experiments to evaluate their effects on risk factors associated with peri-anaesthetic mortality, along with gastrointestinal complications, in order to establish a suitable anaesthetic protocol, coupled with continuous monitoring of the anaesthetized animal. The association of acepromazine, xylazine, and ketamine, which give a deep myorelaxation and remarkable analgesia, obtained the anaesthesia. Fixed products do not lead to any myorelaxation of the mandibular muscles. The addition of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug increased the effect of the peri-anaesthetic analgesia. The protocol using acepromazine, xylazine, and ketamine is the best schema for the potentiated general anaesthesia in rabbit, because of its insignificant effect on the intestinal motility.

Modeling and optimizing of electrochemical oxidation of C.I. Reactive Orange 7 on the Ti/Sb–SnO2 as anode via response surface methodology

J. Basiri Parsa,M. Abbasi,Z. Merati 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.4

The decolorization and degradation of an organic dye, Reactive Orange 7 (RO7) in aqueous media by electrochemical oxidation process using Ti/Sb–SnO2 electrode as anode was modeled and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The anode electrode was prepared using dip-coating and thermal decomposition method. Accordingly reduced quadratic model was developed to give the substrate color removal efficiency percentage as function of effective parameters such as: initial dye concentration, pH of the solution, electrolyte concentration and current density. The fit of the model is checked by the determination coefficient (R2). In this case, the value of the determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9949) is indicated. Maximum color removal efficiency was achieved at the obtained conditions of: pH = 4, concentration of electrolyte = 3.5 g/L and current density = 19 mA/cm2. Dye removal rate increased by increasing the concentration of electrolyte,lowering pH and increasing the current density. In optimum conditions, decolorization was obtained completely after 5 min; and the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced to 70.3% after 90 min.

A Peer-support Mini-counseling Model to Improve Treatment in HIV-positive Pregnant Women in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Artha Camellia,Plamularsih Swandari,Gusni Rahma,Tuti Parwati Merati,I Made Bakta,Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2023 예방의학회지 Vol.56 No.3

Objectives: Low adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of virus transmission from mother to newborn. Increasing mothers' knowledge and motivation to access treatment has been identified as a critical factor in prevention. Therefore, this research aimed to explore barriers and enablers in accessing HIV care and treatment services. Methods: This research was the first phase of a mixed-method analysis conducted in Kupang, a remote city in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of 17 people interviewed, consisting of 6 mothers with HIV, 5 peer facilitators, and 6 health workers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document review. Inductive thematic analysis was also performed. The existing data were grouped into several themes, then relationships and linkages were drawn from each group of informants. Results: Barriers to accessing care and treatment were lack of knowledge about the benefits of ARV; stigma from within and the surrounding environment; difficulty in accessing services due to distance, time, and cost; completeness of administration; drugs' side effects; and the quality of health workers and HIV services. Conclusions: There was a need for a structured and integrated model of peer support to improve ARV uptake and treatment in pregnant women with HIV. This research identified needs including mini-counseling sessions designed to address psychosocial barriers as an integrated approach to support antenatal care that can effectively assist HIV-positive pregnant women in improving treatment adherence.

Late Presentation into Care of HIV Disease and Its Associated Factors in Asia: Results of TAHOD

Jeong, Su Jin,Italiano, Claire,Chaiwarith, Romanee,Ng, Oon Tek,Vanar, Sasheela,Jiamsakul, Awachana,Saphonn, Vonthanak,Nguyen, Kinh Van,Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin,Lee, Man Po,Merati, Tuti Parwati,Pham, MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL 2016 AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES Vol.32 No.3