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- 저자 : Meinecke Frank C (검색결과 3 건)
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Syndecan-4 regulates ADAMTS-5 activation and cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis
Echtermeyer, Frank,Bertrand, Jessica,Dreier, Rita,Meinecke, Ingmar,Neugebauer, Katja,Fuerst, Martin,Lee, Yun Jong,Song, Yeong Wook,Herzog, Christine,Theilmeier, Gregor,Pap, Thomas Nature Publishing Group 2009 Nature medicine Vol.15 No.9
Aggrecan cleavage by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 5 (ADAMTS-5) is crucial for the breakdown of cartilage matrix during osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease that leads to the progressive destruction of articular structures. The mechanisms of ADAMTS-5 activation and their links to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remain poorly understood, but syndecans have been shown to be involved in the activation of ADAMTS-4 (ref. 3). Here we show that syndecan-4 is specifically induced in type X collagen–producing chondrocytes both in human osteoarthritis and in murine models of the disease. The loss of syndecan-4 in genetically modified mice and intra-articular injections of syndecan-4–specific antibodies into wild-type mice protect from proteoglycan loss and thereby prevent osteoarthritic cartilage damage in a surgically induced model of osteoarthritis. The occurrence of less severe osteoarthritis-like cartilage destruction in both syndecan-4–deficient mice and syndecan-4–specific antibody–treated wild-type mice results from a marked decrease in ADAMTS-5 activity. Syndecan-4 controls the activation of ADAMTS-5 through direct interaction with the protease and through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3). Our data suggest that strategies aimed at the inhibition of syndecan-4 will be of great value for the treatment of cartilage damage in osteoarthritis.
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EEG-based usability assessment of 3D shutter glasses
Wenzel, Markus A,Schultze-Kraft, Rafael,Meinecke, Frank C,Fabien Cardinaux,Kemp, Thomas,Klaus-Robert Mü,ller,Gabriel Curio,Benjamin Blankertz IOP 2016 Journal of neural engineering Vol.13 No.1
<P> <I>Objective.</I> Neurotechnology can contribute to the usability assessment of products by providing objective measures of neural workload and can uncover usability impediments that are not consciously perceived by test persons. In this study, the neural processing effort imposed on the viewer of 3D television by shutter glasses was quantified as a function of shutter frequency. In particular, we sought to determine the critical shutter frequency at which the ‘neural flicker’ vanishes, such that visual fatigue due to this additional neural effort can be prevented by increasing the frequency of the system. <I>Approach.</I> Twenty-three participants viewed an image through 3D shutter glasses, while multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. In total ten shutter frequencies were employed, selected individually for each participant to cover the range below, at and above the threshold of flicker perception. The source of the neural flicker correlate was extracted using independent component analysis and the flicker impact on the visual cortex was quantified by decoding the state of the shutter from the EEG. <I>Main Result.</I> Effects of the shutter glasses were traced in the EEG up to around 67?Hz—about 20?Hz over the flicker perception threshold—and vanished at the subsequent frequency level of 77?Hz. <I>Significance.</I> The impact of the shutter glasses on the visual cortex can be detected by neurotechnology even when a flicker is not reported by the participants. <I>Potential impact.</I> Increasing the shutter frequency from the usual 50?Hz or 60?Hz to 77?Hz reduces the risk of visual fatigue and thus improves shutter-glass-based 3D usability.</P>
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A mathematical model for the two-learners problem
Mü,ller, Jan Saputra,Vidaurre, Carmen,Schreuder, Martijn,Meinecke, Frank C,von Bü,nau, Paul,Mü,ller, Klaus-Robert IOP 2017 Journal of neural engineering Vol.14 No.3
<P> <I>Objective</I>. We present the first generic theoretical formulation of the co-adaptive learning problem and give a simple example of two interacting linear learning systems, a human and a machine. <I>Approach</I>. After the description of the training protocol of the two learning systems, we define a simple linear model where the two learning agents are coupled by a joint loss function. The simplicity of the model allows us to find learning rules for both human and machine that permit computing theoretical simulations. <I>Main results</I>. As seen in simulations, an astonishingly rich structure is found for this eco-system of learners. While the co-adaptive learners are shown to easily stall or get out of sync for some parameter settings, we can find a broad sweet spot of parameters where the learning system can converge quickly. It is defined by mid-range learning rates on the side of the learning machine, quite independent of the human in the loop. Despite its simplistic assumptions the theoretical study could be confirmed by a real-world experimental study where human and machine co-adapt to perform cursor control under distortion. Also in this practical setting the mid-range learning rates yield the best performance and behavioral ratings. <I>Significance</I>. The results presented in this mathematical study allow the computation of simple theoretical simulations and performance of real experimental paradigms. Additionally, they are nicely in line with previous results in the BCI literature.</P>
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