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Masoumeh Zakeri,Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef,Ebrahim Abouzari-Lotf,Arezoo Moharami,MAJID M. HERAVI 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.29 No.-
Green approaches to the synthesis of spiro-4H-pyrans are reported based on the one-pot and three-component condensation via a domino Knoevenagel/Michael/cyclization sequence. These approachesinvolve evaluation of the activity of several organocatalysts in water as a reaction media and also undersolvent-free in both microwave irradiation and ball milling conditions. Extensive experiments werecarried out to optimize the reaction parameters including type and amount of catalyst, reactiontemperature and time. Microwave irradiation in presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) wasobserved as the best procedure with good yields, short reaction time, environmental friendliness, andconvenient operation.