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Physical and chemical changes of coal during catalytic fluidized bed gasification
Marchand, D.J.,Schneider, E.,Williams, B.P.,Joo, Y.L.,Kim, J.,Kim, G.T.,Kim, S.H. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2015 Fuel processing technology Vol.130 No.-
Coal gasification was studied by analyzing samples of feedstock extracted from a fluidized bed gasifier at various times throughout the gasification process. The analysis techniques used included energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for elemental concentrations in the bulk and at the surface, respectively; acidimetric titrations to quantify the concentration of certain oxygen functional groups; and the BET method to determine surface area and porosity. The changes in feed particle size and composition showed that the gasification reaction rate was slow compared to the gas diffusion rates inside the coal particle. Detailed analysis of the composition and oxygen functional groups showed that the catalyst was loaded in the coal by ion exchange with surface oxygen functional groups. As the gasification reaction proceeded, the oxidized carbon content increased in the coal loaded with catalyst, but decreased in the coal without catalyst. That result supports the idea that the catalyst increases the reaction rate by helping to oxidize the carbon and increasing the number of reactive sites, rather than by decreasing the energy barrier for carbon-carbon bond breakage.
Olivier Marchand,Jinzhao Zhang,Marco Cherubini 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.2
In the framework of OECD/NEA Working Group on Fuel Safety, a RIA fuel-rod-code Benchmark Phase Iwas organized in 2010e2013. It consisted of four experiments on highly irradiated fuel rodlets testedunder different experimental conditions. This benchmark revealed the need to better understand thebasic models incorporated in each code for realistic simulation of the complicated integral RIA tests withhigh burnup fuel rods. A second phase of the benchmark (Phase II) was thus launched early in 2014,which has been organized in two complementary activities: (1) comparison of the results of differentsimulations on simplified cases in order to provide additional bases for understanding the differences inmodelling of the concerned phenomena; (2) assessment of the uncertainty of the results. The presentpaper provides a summary and conclusions of the second activity of the Benchmark Phase II, which isbased on the input uncertainty propagation methodology. The main conclusion is that uncertaintiescannot fully explain the difference between the code predictions. Finally, based on the RIA benchmarkPhase-I and Phase-II conclusions, some recommendations are made.
Speech in written form? A corpus analysis of computer-mediated communication
Tim Marchand 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2013 언어연구 Vol.30 No.2
This paper investigates the nature of computer-mediated communication (CMC) and examine whether CMC more closely resembles written or spoken language in its structure and organization. The CMC in this paper refers to messages posted on the BBC's Have Your Say website over a two year period, and begins by describing how the 1.5 million word corpus was constructed from these postings. It then discusses how the characteristics of the corpus can be analyzed, with reference to research undertaken by Biber et al. (1999) into lexical bundles. Biber et al. compared the distribution of lexical bundles across typical written discourse (academic writing) with typical spoken discourse (conversation) and found there to be a marked contrast in the form and function of the most predominant chunks of language in these two registers. This study uses a similar methodology to determine the degree to which each kind of discourse more closely matches the CMC corpus by examining the statistical composition of various lexical bundle types in the CMC corpus. The paper concludes that while CMC shares several characteristics of both written and spoken language, it is in fact far more formulaic in its structure than either, and so properly deserves to be considered as having a register type of its own. (J. F. Oberlin University)
( Greg Marchand ),( Ahmed Taher Masoud ),( Anthony Galitsky ),( Ali Azadi ),( Kelly Ware ),( Janelle Vallejo ),( Sienna Anderson ),( Alexa King ),( Stacy Ruther ),( Giovanna Brazil ),( Kaitlynne Ciemi 대한산부인과학회 2021 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.64 No.2
Interstitial pregnancy is a rare, life-threatening condition that requires high clinical suspicion for diagnosis. Most cases are discovered after complications have occurred. Many authors have described laparoscopic management. Although previous systematic reviews have compared the attributes and complications associated with interstitial pregnancy, we endeavored to complete the first systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the laparoscopic treatment of interstitial pregnancy with the open approach in the modern age of laparoscopic surgery. We systematically searched PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane until June 2020 using relevant keywords and screened them for eligibility. We found a statistically significant difference in blood loss between laparoscopic and open surgery (168 mL compared to 1,163 mL). Further, cumulative meta-analysis has revealed that blood loss in laparoscopy has been decreasing over time from 1991 to 2020. Laparoscopic patients took less operative time (63.2 minutes) compared to laparotomy patients (78.2 minutes). Patients in the laparoscopic group spent less time hospitalized (3.7 days) compared to laparotomy patients (5.2 days). Our findings add strength to the position that laparoscopic approaches to interstitial pregnancy can be considered first-line in most situations. The laparoscopic approach was found to have a mean blood loss of 168 mL, and this blood loss seems to decrease over time. Increased gravidity and duration of amenorrhea are positive factors that increase bleeding during the procedure. We are unable to find enough high-quality data to significantly compare successful pregnancy following surgery or risk of mortality in these populations.
Minimally invasive search for a missing vibrator
( Greg J Marchand ),( Ali Azadi ),( Akarshi Kaue Brar ),( Katelyn Sainz ),( Sienna Anderson ),( Stacy Ruther ),( Kelly Ware ),( Sophia Hopewell ),( Giovanna Brazil ),( Katerina Meassick ),( Hannah Wol 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.5
Objective To report a unique surgical procedure that was utilized to locate a missing vibrator in the pelvis of a patient. Emergency room admissions and surgery secondary to the malfunctioning of devices intended for sexual stimulation are extremely common. Emergency room staff of hospitals in the United States usually are skilled in the detection and removal of these devices. Occasionally, surgical intervention is warranted if the device enters a cavity that cannot safely be explored in the emergency room setting. We report a case of a vibrator that was lost during sexual activity. A flat plate X-ray showed it to be in the abdominal cavity. Careful questioning of the patient revealed that the device had an unusually small diameter. Surgical intervention showed that the device ultimately ended up in the bladder without causing traumatic injury. Methods We created a narrated video to demonstrate the surgical procedure (Canadian Task Force Classification III). Results Laparoscopy and cystoscopy were used to visualize and successfully remove the device. The patient recovered uneventfully. Conclusion Following laparoscopic confirmation of the location of the device, it was removed via cystoscopy. This case demonstrates how background information, such as the size of the missing device in this case, can be critical to providing high quality patient care.
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACHES IN SEVERE ACCIDENT MODELLING AND ANALYSES
Fichot, F.,Marchand, O.,Drai, P.,Chatelard, P.,Zabiego, M.,Fleurot, J. Korean Nuclear Society 2006 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.38 No.8
Severe accidents in PWRs are characterized by a continuously changing geometry of the core due to chemical reactions, melting and mechanical failure of the rods and other structures. These local variations of the porosity and other parameters lead to multi-dimensionnal flows and heat transfers. In this paper, a comprehensive set of multi-dimensionnal models describing heat transfers, thermal-hydraulics and melt relocation in a reactor vessel is presented. Those models are suitable for the core description during a severe accident transient. A series of applications at the reactor scale shows the benefits of using such models.