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Aldose Reductase: a cause and a potential target for the treatment of diabetic complications
Sapna Thakur,Sonu Kumar Gupta,Villayat Ali,Priyanka Singh,Malkhey Verma 대한약학회 2021 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.44 No.7
Diabetes mellitus, a disorder of metabolism,results in the elevation of glucose level in the blood. In thishyperglycaemic condition, aldose reductase overexpressesand leads to further complications of diabetes through thepolyol pathway. Glucose metabolism-related disorders arethe accumulation of sorbitol, overproduction of NADH andfructose, reduction in NAD + , and excessive NADPH usage,leading to diabetic pathogenesis and its complications suchas retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Accumulationof sorbitol results in the alteration of osmotic pressureand leads to osmotic stress. The overproduction of NADHcauses an increase in reactive oxygen species productionwhich leads to oxidative stress. The overproduction of fructosecauses cell death and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Apart from these disorders, many other complications havealso been discussed in the literature. Therefore, the articleoverviews the aldose reductase as the causative agent and apotential target for the treatment of diabetic complications. So, aldose reductase inhibitors have gained much importanceworldwide right now. Several inhibitors, like derivativesof carboxylic acid, spirohydantoin, phenolic derivatives,etc. could prevent diabetic complications are discussedin this article.