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Active surveillance for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer
Makito Miyake,Kiyohide Fujimoto,Yoshihiko Hirao 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.-
Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is known to be a heterogeneous malignancy that requires varying treatment modalities and follow-up schedules. Low-grade Ta papillary tumors are categorized as low-risk NMIBC because of their favorable prognosis. There is an expanding movement that overdiagnosis and overtreatment should be avoided considering the economic impact and the patients' quality of life. It has been over 10 years since the initial assessment of active surveillance for low-risk NMIBC suggested its feasibility and safety. However, urologists are still unfamiliar with this treatment option, which can be ideal in appropriately selected patients. In this review article, we focus on active surveillance for low-risk NMIBC and discuss the evidence and rationale for this treatment option. There are several issues to resolve in order to advocate active surveillance as a standard option in selected patients. A specific follow-up protocol including intervals of cystoscopy, urine cytology, urine markers, and other radiographic examinations need to be optimized and validated. Finally, we integrate the available data into the follow-up strategy and propose a new surveillance protocol for active surveillance of recurrent low-risk bladder cancer.
Yasushi Nakai,Yusuke Iemura,Toshiteru Miyasaka,Shunta Hori,Makito Miyake,Nagaaki Marugami,Kiyohide Fujimoto,Nobumichi Tanaka 대한핵의학회 2022 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.56 No.5
Purpose This study evaluated the clinical utility of the highest bone scan index (BSI), among other BSIs, for each bone metastatic site in patients with bone metastatic castration–resistant prostate cancer (bmCRPC). Methods Thirty patients, diagnosed with bmCRPC by bone scintigraphy, were included. Total BSI, the number of hot spots, and regional BSI on each hot spot from bone scintigraphy at diagnosis with bmCRPC were evaluated by VSBONE BSI®. Highest regional BSI was defined as the highest value among regional BSIs on each hot spot in each patient. Related factors to overall survival and skeletal-related events (SREs) were evaluated using the Cox proportional-hazards model. Results The median follow-up time from diagnosis with bmCRPC was 29.0 months. During this time, 24 patients died, of which 22 patients died from prostate cancer. On univariate analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) [Hazard ratio (HR): 5.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.05–17.3] and highest regional BSI (HR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.17–7.05) had significant correlation with overall survival. On multivariate analysis, ALP (HR: 4.79, 95% CI: 1.61–14.2) had significant correlation with overall survival. SREs were found in eight patients. Only the highest regional BSI (HR: 9.99, 95% CI: 2.46–40.6) significantly correlated with SREs on univariate analysis. Conclusion Highest regional BSI may provide important information regarding prognosis and SREs in patients with bmCRPC.