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Estimating colonization and invasion risk maps for Linepithema humile, in Japan
Sachiko Moriguchi,Maki N. Inoue,Toshio Kishimoto,Takeshi Kameyama,Fuminori Ito,Koichi Goka 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2
Our goal was to create colonization and invasion risk maps for the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, based on occurrence data in Japan, by combining colonization- and invasion-related variables and spatial filters that alleviate spatial autocorrelation. With these data, we will be better able to implement surveillance and control programs. Species distribution models were generated, using the maximum entropy approach, from presence-only data collected from 12 locations. Colonization-related variables (e.g., temperature, precipitation) and invasionrelated variables (e.g., urban area, distance from ports) were used as environmental variables and spatial filters that alleviate spatial autocorrelation were included at the same time. The high invasion risk area was restricted to coastal areas, whereas high colonization risk applied to a broader area. Elevation, minimum temperature, and flowaccumulationwere themost effective variables for predicting colonization risk,whereas urban area, elevation, and the port distance index were the most effective variables for predicting invasion risk. The invasion risk map had a higher level of accuracy than the colonization risk map. We identified those areas with a high risk of invasion in the early stages and strong propagule pressure with a model using both invasion-related variables and colonization-related variables to accurately estimate the initial invasion distributions. We found that high colonization risk areas were concentrated in the Okinawa and Ogasawara Islands; ecosystems with highly endemic ant species that are likely to have a high sensitivity to L. humile introduction. Our data will aid in strengthening both domestic and international quarantine systems to prevent such introductions.
Noboru Hasegawa,Akira Sasaki,Hiroshi Yamatani,Maki Kishimoto,Momoko Tanaka,Yoshihiro Ochi,Masaharu Nishikino,Yuichi Kunieda,,Hitoki Yoneda,Atsushi Iwamae 한국광학회 2009 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.13 No.1
We attempted the first measurement of the spectral width of the nickel-like molybdenum x-ray laser ( = 18.895 nm) by use of a high-resolution spectrometer in order to determine the strength of the magnetic field required for the generation of a circularly polarized x-ray laser. The spectral width was measured to be = 18 mÅ under the substantial lasing condition. The magnetic field required for the generation of a circularly polarized x-ray laser was 40 T. The splitting of the x-ray laser line was clearly obtained under 15 T external magnetic field. The strength of the magnetic field estimated from the splitting of the x-ray laser line was large compared with the external magnetic field. It implies that there might be an alternative mechanism for enhancement of the magnetic field in the gain medium plasma.