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      • Implication of Genetic Variants Near <i>TCF7L2</i> , <i>SLC30A8</i> , <i>HHEX</i> , <i>CDKAL1</i> , <i>CDKN2A/B</i> , <i>IGF2BP2</i> , and <i>FTO</i> in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in 6,719 Asians

        Ng, Maggie C.Y.,Park, Kyong Soo,Oh, Bermseok,Tam, Claudia H.T.,Cho, Young Min,Shin, Hyoung Doo,Lam, Vincent K.L.,Ma, Ronald C.W.,So, Wing Yee,Cho, Yoon Shin,Kim, Hyung-Lae,Lee, Hong Kyu,Chan, Juliana American Diabetes Association 2008 Diabetes Vol.57 No.8

        <P><B>OBJECTIVE—</B> Recent genome-wide association studies have identified six novel genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity and confirmed <I>TCF7L2</I> as the major type 2 diabetes gene to date in Europeans. However, the implications of these genes in Asians are unclear.</P><P><B>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—</B> We studied 13 associated single nucleotide polymorphisms from these genes in 3,041 patients with type 2 diabetes and 3,678 control subjects of Asian ancestry from Hong Kong and Korea.</P><P><B>RESULTS—</B> We confirmed the associations of <I>TCF7L2</I>, <I>SLC30A8</I>, <I>HHEX</I>, <I>CDKAL1</I>, <I>CDKN2A</I>/<I>CDKN2B</I>, <I>IGF2BP2</I>, and <I>FTO</I> with risk for type 2 diabetes, with odds ratios ranging from 1.13 to 1.35 (1.3 × 10<SUP>−12</SUP> < <I>P</I><SUB>unadjusted</SUB> < 0.016). In addition, the A allele of rs8050136 at <I>FTO</I> was associated with increased BMI in the control subjects (<I>P</I><SUB>unadjusted</SUB> = 0.008). However, we did not observe significant association of any genetic variants with surrogate measures of insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity indexes in a subset of 2,662 control subjects. Compared with subjects carrying zero, one, or two risk alleles, each additional risk allele was associated with 17% increased risk, and there was an up to 3.3-fold increased risk for type 2 diabetes in those carrying eight or more risk alleles. Despite most of the effect sizes being similar between Asians and Europeans in the meta-analyses, the ethnic differences in risk allele frequencies in most of these genes lead to variable attributable risks in these two populations.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS—</B> Our findings support the important but differential contribution of these genetic variants to type 2 diabetes and obesity in Asians compared with Europeans.</P>

      • KCI등재

        Avoiding Hybrid Clauses Pitfalls: An Applied Framework

        Arvin Lee,Maggie Ma 한국중재학회 2015 중재연구 Vol.25 No.3

        This paper sets out a multi-dimensional approach that parties drafting a “hybrid clause” for their arbitration agreement can adopt, for purposes of maximizing enforceability, taking into account the multi-jurisdictional interplay between the seat Court, the governing law and the enforcement Court(s), as well as mandatory rules that can be present in the lex arbitrii, the governing law, and/or the law of the enforcement for a. This paper draws on both the co-authors’ practice experience, as well as first principles of party autonomy in light of mandatory rules, based predominantly on the scholarship of Briggs and Nygh.

      • KCI등재

        Avoiding Hybrid Clauses Pitfalls: An Applied Framework

        Lee, Arvin,Ma, Maggie The Korean Association of Arbitration Studies 2015 중재연구 Vol.25 No.3

        This paper sets out a multi-dimensional approach that parties drafting a "hybrid clause" for their arbitration agreement can adopt, for purposes of maximizing enforceability, taking into account the multi-jurisdictional interplay between the seat Court, the governing law and the enforcement Court(s), as well as mandatory rules that can be present in the lex arbitrii, the governing law, and/or the law of the enforcement for a. This paper draws on both the co-authors' practice experience, as well as first principles of party autonomy in light of mandatory rules, based predominantly on the scholarship of Briggs and Nygh.

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        Transplantation in Asia during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic: briefs from member countries of the Asian Society of Transplantation

        Terence Kee,정종철,하종원,Harun Ur Rashid,Nura Afza Salma Begum,Maggie K.M. Ma,Vivek Kute,Kenji Yuzawa,Rosnawati Yahya,Ghazali Ahmad,Lkhaakhuu Od-Erdene,Dibya Singh Shah,Romina A Danguilan,Curie Ahn,Devinde 대한이식학회 2020 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.34 No.2

        The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected 1,029,968 people in Asia as of May 16, 2020. Although Asia was the first continent to be affected, many countries in the region continue to battle COVID-19, which challenges the way transplant programs provide their services. Given the diversity of healthcare systems in Asia, the countermeasures in response to COVID-19 are as potentially diverse. This review reports the experiences of transplant services in member countries of the Asian Society of Transplantation (AST) as well as provides a platform for sharing of best practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. AST invited member countries to provide a short description of their transplant experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Whenever information is available, countries were asked to provide information on COVID-19 related statistics, status of transplant programs, mitigation measures taken to prevent COVID-19, and other areas of transplant programs impacted by COVID-19. Ten countries responded to the invitation of which seven still have active transplant programs at varying levels of activity. All countries have protocols for donor/recipient screening and countermeasures to prevent COVID-19 infections in recipients and healthcare providers. Interestingly, these countries report only 16 transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection but no cases of donor-transmitted COVID-19 infection. Despite the diversity of healthcare systems in Asia, transplant centers in Asia have taken appropriate precautions to avoid COVID-19 infections, though the long-term impact of COVID-19 remains unclear.

      • KCI등재

        Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and management of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients across Asia: an ASTREGO report

        Terence Kee,Jong Cheol Jeong,Harun Ur Rashid,Nura Afza Salma Begum,Mel-Hatra Arakama,Romina Danguilan,Lkhaahuu Od-Erdene,Rosnawati Yahya,김예림,Hersharan Kaur Sran,Becky Ma,Maggie Ma,Devinder Singh Rana 대한이식학회 2021 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.35 No.4

        Background: Asia is the global epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, COVID-19–related mortality in Asia remains lower than in other parts of the world. It is uncertain whether the mortality of COVID-19-infected kidney transplant recipients (KTXs) from Asia follows the lower mortality trends of the younger Asian population. Methods: Specific transplant centers from countries in the Asian Society of Transplantation were invited to participate in a study to examine the epidemiology, clinical features, natural history, and outcomes of COVID-19 infections in KTXs. Data were analyzed and compared with those of large cohort studies from other countries. Results: The study population was 87 KTXs from nine hospitals in seven Asian countries. Within the study population, 9% were aged 60 years and older, and 79% had at least one comorbidity. The majority of patients (69%) presented with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 severity. Disease progression was more frequently encountered among those with moderate or severe infection (23%) and non-survivors (55%). The mortality rate was 23% (n=20) and differed according to the level of care: 12% (n=1/8), 15% (n=10/67), and 100% (n=9/9) of patients managed as outpatients, in the general ward, and in the intensive care unit, respectively. Disease severity at the time of presentation was an independent predictor of mortality. Compared with the mortality rates in other studies worldwide, mortality rates in the current study were comparable. Conclusions: Mortality in Asian KTXs who were infected with COVID-19 remains high and could be related to comorbidity burden and the constraints of the general healthcare system when the COVID-19 caseload is high.

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