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Shahida Ibrahim,G.M. Mir,Abdul Rouf,Abdul Rasheed War,Barkat Hussain 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1
The constitutive and induced resistance were studied in two varieties (Khanyari and Kawdari) of kale, Brassicaoleracea var. acephala in response to cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae infestation and exogenous application ofjasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Phenols, condensed tannins, flavonoids and proteins were measuredat six days after JA (1 mM) and SA (1 mM) application and/or insect infestation. Plant damage and larvalweights were also recorded. Khanyari variety showed highest amounts of phenols (208.23 μg/g FW), condensedtannin (347.76 μg/g FW), flavonoids (175.61 μg/g FW) and proteins (0.71 mg/g FW) in plants pre-treated withJA and infested with insects. The PAL activity was high in response to JA application followed by insect infestation. Insects reared on Khanyari and Kawdari plants pre-treated with JA prior showed significantly reducedlarval weights (97.88 and 102.46 mg, respectively). Damage was low in plants pre-treated with JA in Khanyari at3, 6 and 9 days after treatment (10.52%, 8.52%, and 5.30%, respectively). Thus, JA can play an important role inplant defense in kale against P. brassicae.
Todd E. Shelly,Rick Kurashima,Jon Nishimoto,A. Diaz,J. Leathers,D. Joseph,M. War 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.4
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important agricultural pests of the Pacific region. Detection and control of these species rely largely on traps baited with malespecific attractants (parapheromones), namely methyl eugenol for B. dorsalis and cue lure for B. cucurbitae. Presently, these lures (plus naled, an insecticide) are applied in liquid form, although this procedure is timeconsuming,and naled as well as methyl eugenol may pose human health risks. Recently, a solid formulation (termed a wafer) has been developed that contains both male lures (plus DDVP, an insecticide), and here we present data from field tests in California and Hawaii that compare the effectiveness of liquid versus solid formulations of the lures in capturing marked, released males of these two Bactrocera species. For both species and in both California and Hawaii, traps baited with the solid formulation of the male lure captured similar or significantly more released flies than the liquid formulation for both fresh and aged baits. Traps in Hawaii also captured wild (unmarked) males of both B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae, and the results obtained for wild flies were similar to those recorded for released flies for both species. Collectively, the results presented suggest that the solid dispenser of the male lures constitutes a reliable substitute for the liquid formulation in detecting incipient Bactrocera outbreaks