CD137 Is Required for M Cell Functional Maturation but Not Lineage Commitment

Hsieh, E.H.,Fernandez, X.,Wang, J.,Hamer, M.,Calvillo, S.,Croft, M.,Kwon, B.S.,Lo, D.D. American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriol 2010 The American journal of pathology Vol.177 No.2

Mucosal immune surveillance depends on M cells that reside in the epithelium overlying Peyer's patch and nasopharyngeal associated lymphoid tissue to transport particles to underlying lymphocytes. M cell development is associated with B lymphocytes in a basolateral pocket, but the interactions between these cells are poorly understood. In a cell culture model of M cell differentiation, we found lymphotoxin/tumor necrosis factor α induction of CD137 (TNFRSF9) protein on intestinal epithelial cell lines, raising the possibility that CD137 on M cells in vivo might interact with CD137L expressed by B cells. Accordingly, while CD137-deficient mice produced UEA-1+ M cell progenitors in nasopharyngeal associated lymphoid tissue and Peyer's patch epithelium, they showed an abnormal morphology, including the absence of basolateral B cell pockets. More important, CD137-deficient nasopharyngeal associated lymphoid tissue M cells were defective in microparticle transcytosis. Bone marrow irradiation chimeras confirmed that while induction of UEA-1+ putative M cell precursors was not CD137-dependent, full M cell transcytosis function required expression of CD137 by radioresistant stromal cells as well as by bone marrow-derived cells. These results are consistent with a two-step model of M cell differentiation, with initial CD137-independent commitment to the M cell lineage followed by a CD137-CD137L interaction of M cells with CD137-activated B lymphocytes or dendritic cells for functional maturation.

Feasibility of Using Ipsilateral Electromyographic Signals to Control an Air-Muscle-Actuated Grasping Orthosis

G. G. Forrest,M.A.Sc.,E. A. Croft,A. J. Hodgson 한국과학기술원 인간친화 복지 로봇 시스템 연구센터 2006 International Journal of Assistive Robotics and Me Vol.7 No.4

  In this work, we investigate the potential of using an air-muscle actuated orthosis controlled by an electromyographic (EMG) signal to reliably augment the grasping force of the hand, thereby allowing the user to reduce the muscle activation required for a power-grasping task. In particular, we tested the hypotheses that subjects could stably handle objects and learn to reduce both their grip force and muscle activation levels with force supplementation. In this study, a surface-mounted EMG sensor on the flexor digitorum provides the input to a proportional-integral-derivative controller governing the force generated by the orthosis. Nine subjects performed a sequence of unassisted and assisted lifts of a weighted and instrumented cylinder. When using the orthotic system to lift the cylinder, subjects reliably reduced their mean grip force and mean contraction level (measured as % Maximum Voluntary Contraction, or %MVC) (p<0.01).<BR>  The grip force applied to the cylinder dropped for seven of the nine subjects (p<0.01) and the %MVC dropped for eight of the nine subjects (p<0.01). None of the subjects exhibited any instability or reported any difficulties when using the orthosis. On average, the subjects reduced their %MVC and grasp force by 31% and 56% respectively, so using an air-muscle-powered orthosis controlled by an ipsilateral EMG signal appears to be a feasible concept.

X - ray absorption near - edge studies of 5d transition metal compounds

Y. Jeon,J. Chen,F. Lu,M. Croft 한국진공학회 1993 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.- No.-

CD134 Costimulation Couples the CD137 Pathway to Induce Production of Supereffector CD8 T Cells That Become IL-7 Dependent

Lee, S.-J.,Rossi, R. J.,Lee, S.-K.,Croft, M.,Kwon, B. S.,Mittler, R. S.,Vella, A. T. American Association of Immunologists 2007 Journal of Immunology Vol.179 No.4

Self-starting vector phase conjugate laser oscillator in inverted Nd:YAG

Kim, D.H.,Udaiyan, D.,Green, R.P.M.,Crofts, G.J.,Damzen, M.J. Optical Society of Korea 1997 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.1 No.1

We report the operation of a self-adaptive vector phase conjugate laser (VPCL) oscillator which compensates intracavity polarization distortion and wavefront aberration simultaneously. The VPCL in Nd:YAG gain media produce an output with energy of 125mJ in a 20ns single-longitudinal-mode pulse at 10Hz, which is unaffected by intracavity polarization distortion.

High polarity analytes in food - enrofloxacin and sulfadiazine in bovine tissue (CCQM-K141)

Windust, Anthony,McRae, Garnet,Meija, Juris,Mester, Zoltá,n,Melanson, Jeremy E,Croft, Meg,Johnston, Lesley,Murby, John,Rego, Eliane C P do,Violante, Fernando G M,Fernandes, Jane L N,Wollinger, W BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2019 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.56 No.-

<P></P> <P>Within the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantitè de Matiére (CCQM), key comparison CCQM-K141 and associated pilot study CCQM-P178 were coordinated by the National Research Council Canada (NRC). This comparison was a Track A key comparison that formed part of the OAWG 10-year strategic plan. The comparison demonstrated capabilities for measuring high-polarity analytes in a high-fat and high-protein matrix. The measurand chosen as the model system was enrofloxacin and sulfadiazine in bovine tissue. Thirteen National Metrology Institutes or Designated Institutes participated in the CCQM-K141, while two National Metrology Institutes participated in CCQM-P178.</P> <P>The bovine muscle tissue study material was derived from a single live animal that was administered with chemical based pharmaceutical agents prior to processing. Therefore, the study material was naturally incurred, providing a true test of extraction procedures relative to more commonly encountered spiked materials. NRC confirmed excellent homogeneity and stability of the material prior to shipping. Three 10 g bottles of freeze dried powdered muscle tissue were supplied. NRC also provided isotopically labelled solutions of the two measurands, <SUP>13</SUP>C<SUB>6</SUB>-sulfadiazine and enrofloxacin-d<SUB>5</SUB> (HI Salt), to those interested in using isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) methodologies. Procurement and purity assignment with appropriate metrological traceability of native calibrants were the responsibility of individual participants. The study required extraction, clean-up, analytical separation, and selective detection of the analytes.</P> <P>The level of agreement was reasonable given the measurands and matrix were new for most laboratories. The KCRV values and their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level of 57.81 ± 2.57 μg/kg for enrofloxacin and 2285 ± 68 μg/kg for sulfadiazine were calculated using the DSL means. While one participant's value was voluntarily excluded from the KCRV calculations for enrofloxacin, all other participants demonstrated equivalence for both measurands.</P> <P>Significant effort was undertaken post-study to identify the major sources of variability between results. In particular, the various extraction conditions used by participants were investigated thoroughly. While there appeared to be a correlation between highly acidic conditions and higher recovery, this was not definitive and could not be confirmed. The form of standards employed (i.e. free base vs salts) and potential differential solubility between forms was also a suspected source of variability. Biases could also have been introduced with the choice of solvents used for standard preparation, with some solvents better able to minimize adsorption of the analytes to glass surfaces.</P> <P>KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH</P> <P>enrofloxacin, sulfadiazine, bovine tissue, incurred, key comparison</P> <P></P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K141/CCQM-K141.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

Galectin-9 controls the therapeutic activity of 4-1BB–targeting antibodies

Madireddi, Shravan,Eun, So-Young,Lee, Seung-Woo,Nemč,ovič,ová,, Ivana,Mehta, Amit Kumar,Zajonc, Dirk M.,Nishi, Nozomu,Niki, Toshiro,Hirashima, Mitsuomi,Croft, Michael The Rockefeller University Press 2014 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.211 No.7

<P>Biologics to TNF family receptors are prime candidates for therapy of immune disease. Whereas recent studies have highlighted a requirement for Fcγ receptors in enabling the activity of CD40, TRAILR, and GITR when engaged by antibodies, other TNFR molecules may be controlled by additional mechanisms. Antibodies to 4-1BB (CD137) are currently in clinical trials and can both augment immunity in cancer and promote regulatory T cells that inhibit autoimmune disease. We found that the action of agonist anti–4-1BB in suppressing autoimmune and allergic inflammation was completely dependent on Galectin-9 (Gal-9). Gal-9 directly bound to 4-1BB, in a site distinct from the binding site of antibodies and the natural ligand of 4-1BB, and Gal-9 facilitated 4-1BB aggregation, signaling, and functional activity in T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Conservation of the Gal-9 interaction in humans has important implications for effective clinical targeting of 4-1BB and possibly other TNFR superfamily molecules.</P>