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Ly, Luong Dai,Ly, Dat Da,Nguyen, Nhung Thi,Kim, Ji-Hee,Yoo, Heesuk,Chung, Jongkyeong,Lee, Myung-Shik,Cha, Seung-Kuy,Park, Kyu-Sang Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2020 Molecules and cells Vol.43 No.1
Saturated fatty acids contribute to β-cell dysfunction in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cellular responses to lipotoxicity include oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and blockage of autophagy. Palmitate induces ER Ca<sup>2+</sup> depletion followed by notable store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry. Subsequent elevation of cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> can activate undesirable signaling pathways culminating in cell death. Mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uniporter (MCU) is the major route for Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake into the matrix and couples metabolism with insulin secretion. However, it has been unclear whether mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake plays a protective role or contributes to lipotoxicity. Here, we observed palmitate upregulated MCU protein expression in a mouse clonal β-cell, MIN6, under normal glucose, but not high glucose medium. Palmitate elevated baseline cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>) and reduced depolarization-triggered Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx likely due to the inactivation of voltage-gated Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels (VGCCs). Targeted reduction of MCU expression using RNA interference abolished mitochondrial superoxide production but exacerbated palmitate-induced [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> overload. Consequently, MCU knockdown aggravated blockage of autophagic degradation. In contrast, co-treatment with verapamil, a VGCC inhibitor, prevented palmitate-induced basal [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> elevation and defective [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> transients. Extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> chelation as well as VGCC inhibitors effectively rescued autophagy defects and cytotoxicity. These observations suggest enhanced mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> uptake via MCU upregulation is a mechanism by which pancreatic β-cells are able to alleviate cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> overload and its detrimental consequences.
Nilay Gülyüz,Erhan Gülyüz,Zoe K. Shipton,İlkay Kuşcu,Richard A. Lord 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.4
Kestanelik epithermal gold deposit is situated in the Biga Peninsula, which hosts numerous metallic deposits belonging to the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt. In the Biga peninsula the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt is represented by a Neo-Tethyan suture zone. Discovered deposits along the belt are commonly associated with Cenozoic magmatism ranging between 52 and 18 Ma in age, formed due syn- to post-collisional tectonics. In this study, we focus on the deposit-scale geological and mineralization characteristics of Kestanelik in order to determine the formation and evolution of the deposit within the tectono-magmatic history of the Biga Peninsula. We (1) mapped the geology of the deposit area (2) conducted paleostress analyses, (3) observed and examined the macroscopic and petrographical textural, mineralogical and alteration characteristics of the mineralization and (4) interpreted geophysical resistivity survey and geochemical assay data. The stratigraphic age of the Kestanelik deposit, bracketed by cross cutting relations and supported by the geophysical data, is middle Lutetian–early Priabonian which also implies that the deposit has a genetic link with the Cenozoic post-collisional calc-alkaline magmatism. A NE-SW oriented compressional regime determined from the paleostress analyses is consistent with the kinematics of the vein system and is attributed to the collision and further convergence after the closure of the northern branch of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The fracture system provided structural pathways for the transport of the hydrothermal fluids. The common presence of pseudo-bladed quartz and hydrothermal breccias, and the low total sulphide and base metal contents in the mineralized veins indicate that the Kestanelik is a low sulphidation epithermal-type gold deposit. Boiling, mixing (hypogene oxidation) and supergene enrichment are the likely gold deposition and enrichment processes respectively.
Ly, Hoang Vu,Lim, Dong-Hyeon,Sim, Jae Wook,Kim, Seung-Soo,Kim, Jinsoo Elsevier 2018 ENERGY Vol.162 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fractional catalytic pyrolysis is an updated pyrolysis method, in which the biomass can be converted into higher quality bio-oil by upgrading the pyrolysis vapor in fluidized bed. In this study, the fast pyrolysis of tulip tree (<I>Liriodendron</I>) was performed in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor under various reaction conditions (pyrolysis temperature, flow rate of fluidizing medium, and biomass particle size) to investigate the effects of these parameters on product yield and bio-oil quality. The system used silica sand and dolomite as the fluidizing bed material, and nitrogen as the fluidizing medium. When the pyrolysis temperature increased from 400 °C to 550 °C, the bio-oil yield was between 40.07 wt% and 49.03 wt% compared to those of 28.38 and 44.83 wt% using dolomite catalyst. Deoxygenation of bio-oil mostly produced water, and produced lower amounts of CO and CO<SUB>2</SUB>, but higher amounts of H<SUB>2</SUB> and hydrocarbons gas. The catalytic process obtaineda high ratio of H<SUB>2</SUB>/CO in the gas product.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pyrolysis of tulip tree in fluidized bed reactor under different conditions. </LI> <LI> Catalytic pyrolysis using dolomite catalyst for upgrading bio-oil's quality. </LI> <LI> Dolomite rejected oxygen from pyrolysis vapor, mostly through dehydration. </LI> <LI> The catalytic process produced high H<SUB>2</SUB>/CO ratio in the gas product. </LI> </UL> </P>
Fast pyrolysis of Saccharina japonica alga in a fixed-bed reactor for bio-oil production
Ly, H.V.,Kim, S.S.,Choi, J.H.,Woo, H.C.,Kim, J. Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Energy conversion and management Vol.122 No.-
Macro-algae are recognized as a potential feedstock for renewable energy and fuel production. Saccharina japonica is a kind of macro-algae that has been extensively cultivated in Korea. Through pyrolysis, S. japonica can be converted into bio-oil, gas, and char. In this study, we investigated the fast pyrolysis of S. japonica in a fixed-bed reactor at different temperatures from 350 to 550<SUP>o</SUP>C with sweeping-gas flow rates of 100, 300, and 500ml/min. As the pyrolysis temperature was increased from 350<SUP>o</SUP>C to 500<SUP>o</SUP>C, the bio-oil yields decreased while the gas yields increased. The highest liquid yield (40.91wt%) was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 350<SUP>o</SUP>C with a sweeping-gas velocity of 300ml/min. The major compositions in the bio-oil were di-anhydromannitol (34.45%), iso-sorbide (19.84%), and 2-methyl furyl ketone (8.43%). The gas products (including CO, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, H<SUB>2</SUB>, and hydrocarbon gases from C<SUB>1</SUB> to C<SUB>4</SUB>), were analyzed by gas chromatography with an FID and a TCD. The bio-chars contained a high carbonaceous content can be used as a pollution-free solid fuel or for the production of activated carbon and other chemicals.
Radioactive uranium measurement in vivo using a handheld interfaced analyzer.
Ly, Suw Young,Lee, Jin-Hui,Jung, Dong Ho Pergamon 2010 Environmental toxicology and chemistry Vol.29 No.5
<P>A trace uranium (U) detection method was developed with a handheld voltammetric analyzer that was the size of a mobile phone, with working sensors made of simple graphite pencil electrode (PE). The optimum stripping voltammetric conditions were sought, and the following results were obtained: 0.0 to 0.08 ng/L working ranges and a statistically relative standard deviation of 1.78% (RSD; n=15) at a 10.0 microg/L U spike. The experiment accumulation time used was only 150 s. Under this condition, the diagnostic detection limit approached 0.007 ng/L. The method was applied to soil of a natural rock in a radioactive mineralogy site. Earthworms that resided at this site were assayed. The method was found to be applicable in biological diagnosis or in real-time in vivo survey.</P>
Administering Pesticide Assays in In Vivo-Implanted Biosensors
Ly, Suw Young,Jung, Young Sam,Lee, Chang Hyun,Won Lee, Bang CSIRO Publishing 2008 Australian journal of chemistry Vol.61 No.10
<P> An analytical pesticide assay of O-ethyl-O-4-(nitrophenyl)phenyl phosphonothioate (EPN) was carried out using the following: a carbon nanotube paste electrode, a mercury-immobilized carbon nanotube paste electrode, a glassy carbon electrode, a metal-gold electrode, and a DNA-immobilized carbon nanotube paste electrode (DPE), which is two-fold more sensitive than other sensors. The DPE was optimized using cyclic and square wave stripping voltammetry. Linear working ranges approached 5-55 mg L-1 EPN and the nano-range of 10-210 ng L-1 in a 0.1 mol L-1 NH4H2PO4 electrolyte solution, with a speedy analytical time of 30-s stripping. The detection limit was 2.57 ng L-1 (7.94 × 10-12 mol L-1), and the precision was 0.102% relative standard deviation (n = 15) at the 10.0 mg L-1 EPN spike. This indicates that the method is more sensitive than common voltammetric methods. This method was applied to fruit samples using patch- and needle-type electrodes, specifically on the skin tissues of an orange and an apple. Moreover, the implanted electrode was interfaced with a fish brain cell at the electrochemical workstation. Results showed that the aforementioned method can be used to conduct a pesticide assay in neuro-treated and non-treated cell systems. </P>