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Connectedness network and dependence structure mechanism in green investments
Lundgren, Amanda Ivarsson,Milicevic, Adriana,Uddin, Gazi Salah,Kang, Sang Hoon Elsevier 2018 ENERGY ECONOMICS Vol.72 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We present an empirical study of renewable energy stock returns and their relation to four major investment asset classes—stocks, currency, US Treasury bonds, and oil—and several sources of uncertainty. Applying nonlinear causality and connectedness network analysis on data covering the period 2004–2016, we investigate the directionality and connectedness among different asset classes, as well as between uncertainties. First, from the results of the estimation of directionality and network spillovers, it can be concluded that the European stock market has a strong market dependence on renewable energy stock prices. Second, uncertainties have an economically significant impact on both return and volatility spillover in energy investments. Third, most of the uncertainties are net transmitters of volatility connectedness during the global financial crisis (GFC) and European sovereign debt crisis (ESDC).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study examines the nonlinear causality and connectedness network among renewable energy stock, four investments, and uncertainties. </LI> <LI> The European stock market has strong market dependence renewable energy stock prices. </LI> <LI> Most of the uncertainties are net transmitters of volatility connectedness during the 2008–2009 GFC and 2010–2012 ESDC. </LI> </UL> </P>
Methodology for Testing Rebar-Concrete Bond in Specimens from Decommissioned Structures
Karin Lundgren,Samanta Robuschi,Kamyab Zandi 한국콘크리트학회 2019 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.13 No.5
Mimicking natural deterioration in accelerated tests is challenging; a highly relevant alternative option is to use deteri-orated specimens from decommissioned structures. This paper describes a methodology to select and design tests of the bond and anchorage between reinforcement and concrete in such specimens, with the aim of providing general information, needed when developing methods for assessing structures in general. The methodology includes the following steps: (1) choice of existing structure for samples, (2) choice of test method, (3) design of test setup, and (4) design of test programme. Each step is discussed in detail and comments are made on considerations and challenges arising specifically due to the use of specimens from existing structures. As the scatter of test results is typically large, a suitable test method should enable a large number of tests by being robust, quick and affordable. It is recommended to keep track of the position of the specimens in the original structure, to document cracks, and to take samples also of uncorroded bars. These can then be used for reference in quantifying the corrosion level of corroded bars. This methodology is exemplified in the design of three test series on edge beams from two bridges; two series resulted in beam test setups and one in direct pull-out tests. The methodology described strongly highlights that careful investigations are required to design experiments which generate reliable data. Acquiring data from decommissioned structures will improve our understanding of the structural behaviour of existing structures and thus enable improved assessment methods.