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        Natural Killer Cell Activation and Modulation of Chemokine Receptor Profile In Vitro by an Extract from the Cyanophyta Aphanizomenon flos-aquae

        Gitte S. Jensen,Aaron N. Hart,Lue Ann Zaske,Kelly M. Patterson,Christian Drapeau 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.3

        The present research was designed to study the effects of an extract from the edible cyanophyta Aphanizomenonflos-aquaeon human natural killer (NK) cells. We have previously shown, using a double-blind randomized placebo-con-trolled crossover design, that ingestion of 1.5 g of dried whole A. flos-aquaeresulted in a transient reduction in peripheralblood NK cells in 21 healthy human volunteers, suggesting increased NK cell homing into tissue. We have now identified anextract from A. flos-aquae(AFAe) that directly activates NK cells in vitroand modulates the chemokine receptor profile. NKcell activation was evaluated by expression of CD25 and CD69 on CD3. CD56. cells after 18 hours. Changes in CXCR3and CXCR4 chemokine receptor expression after 560 minutes were evaluated by immunostaining and flow cytometry. AFAeinduced the expression of CD69 on CD3. CD56. NK cells, induced CD25 expression on 25% of these cells, and acted insynergy with interleukin 2. NK cells enriched by RosetteSep?? (StemCell Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada) werenot activated by AFAe, indicating that the NK activation was dependent on other cells such as monocytes. The low-molecu-lar-weight fraction . 5,000 of AFAe was responsible for the most robust NK cell activation, suggesting novel compounds dif-

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