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A Comparative Evaluation of the Anticancer Properties of European and American Elderberry Fruits
Mary Ann Lila,Julie M. Thole,Tristan F. Burns Kraft,Lilly Ann Sueiro,Young-Hwa Kang,Joell J. Gills,Muriel Cuendet,John M. Pezzuto,David S. Seigler 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.4
European elderberry (Sambucus nigra), recognized in Europe for its health-promoting properties for many gen-erations, is known to contain a range of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and other polyphenolics that contribute to the high antiox-idant capacity of its berries. American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), on the other hand, has not been cultivated, bred,and promoted as a medicinal plant like its better-characterized European counterpart. In this study, aqueous acetone extractsof the berries from these two species were fractionated and tested in a range of assays that gauge anticarcinogenic potential.Both cultivated S. nigraand wild S. canadensisfruits demonstrated significant chemopreventive potential through strong in-duction of quinone reductase and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, which is indicative of anti-initiation and antipromotion prop-erties, respectively. In addition, fractions of S. canadensisextract showed inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase, an enzymemarker related to the promotion stage of carcinogenesis. Analysis of active fractions using mass spectrometry and liquid chro-matography-mass spectrometry revealed, in addition to flavonoids, the presence of more lipophilic compounds such assesquiterpenes, iridoid monoterpene glycosides, and phytosterols.