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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Lifschitz, A (검색결과 5 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
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Early Life Factors Influencing the Risk of Obesity
Lifschitz, Carlos The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2015 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.18 No.4
The obesity epidemic is a worldwide problem. Factors predisposing to obesity include genetics, race, socioeconomic conditions, birth by cesarean section, and perinatal antibiotic use. High protein (HP) content in infant formulas has been identified as a potential culprit predisposing to rapid weight gain in the first few months of life and leading to later obesity. In a large multicountry study the effects of lower protein (LP) formula (1.77 and 2.2 g protein/100 kcal, before and after the 5th month, respectively) were compared to those of higher protein (2.9 and 4.4 g protein/100 kcal, respectively). Results indicated that at 24 months, the weight-for-length z score of infants in the LP formula group was 0.20 (0.06, 0.34) lower than that of the HP group and was similar to that of the breastfed reference group. The authors concluded that a HP content of infant formula is associated with higher weight in the first 2 years of life but has no effect on length. LP intake in infancy might diminish the later risk of overweight and obesity. At 6 years of age HP children had a significantly higher body mass index (by 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.90; p=0.009) and a 2.43 (95% CI, 1.12-5.27; p=0.024) fold greater risk of becoming obese than those who received the LP. In conclusion, several factors may influence development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. Breastfeeding should always be encouraged. An overall reduction of protein intake in formula non breastfed infants seems to be an additional way to prevent obesity.
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Early Life Factors Influencing the Risk of Obesity
Carlos Lifschitz 대한소아소화기영양학회 2015 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.18 No.4
The obesity epidemic is a worldwide problem. Factors predisposing to obesity include genetics, race, socioeconomic conditions, birth by cesarean section, and perinatal antibiotic use. High protein (HP) content in infant formulas has been identified as a potential culprit predisposing to rapid weight gain in the first few months of life and leading to later obesity. In a large multicountry study the effects of lower protein (LP) formula (1.77 and 2.2 g protein/100 kcal, before and after the 5th month, respectively) were compared to those of higher protein (2.9 and 4.4 g protein/100 kcal, respectively). Results indicated that at 24 months, the weight-for-length z score of infants in the LP formula group was 0.20 (0.06, 0.34) lower than that of the HP group and was similar to that of the breastfed reference group. The authors concluded that a HP content of infant formula is associated with higher weight in the first 2 years of life but has no effect on length. LP intake in infancy might diminish the later risk of overweight and obesity. At 6 years of age HP children had a significantly higher body mass index (by 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.90; p=0.009) and a 2.43 (95% CI, 1.12-5.27; p=0.024) fold greater risk of becoming obese than those who received the LP. In conclusion, several factors may influence development of metabolic syndrome and obesity. Breastfeeding should always be encouraged. An overall reduction of protein intake in formula non breastfed infants seems to be an additional way to prevent obesity.
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Infantile Colic: A Survey of Physicians in Pakistan
Muhammad Saif Jalal,Syed Zafar Mehdi,Jalal Uddin Akber,Murtaza Ali Gowa,Carlos Lifschitz 대한소아소화기영양학회 2024 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.27 No.3
Purpose: Infantile colic diagnostic criteria were established by Rome IV. A universally accepted management remains to be established. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and perceived regional prevalence of infantile colic in Pakistan, as well as its effect on physicians and parents. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed amongst 1,256 physicians. Results: We received 800 replies. Wessel and Rome IV criteria were used by most physicians for diagnosis; however, the response “any infant who cries a lot” was selected by older physicians (48% of those over 60 years), physicians in rural areas (32%), physicians practicing in private clinics (27%), and general physicians (30%). Estimated prevalence of infantile colic ranges from 21–40%. Reassurance was the most widely recommended management strategy followed by herbal teas (51%), switching to a different formula (49%), probiotics (28%) and antibiotics (26%), discontinuation of breastfeeding (14%), elimination of dairy products from the breastfeeding mothers’ diet (6%), and the administration of colic drops (1%). Most physicians considered the negative impact of colic on their personal lives and the parents as mild-to-moderate. Notably, 38% of percent of physicians routinely screened for maternal depression, and 45% of physicians were aware of the association between infantile colic and shaken baby syndrome. Conclusion: Most physicians in Pakistan diagnose and manage infantile colic according to the established guidelines. However, the guidelines pertaining to treatment planning are not followed. Educational efforts directed toward general physicians and doctors practicing in rural areas and clinics must be implemented to avoid unnecessary testing and treatment burden.
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Toward compact and ultra-intense laser-based soft x-ray lasers
Sebban, S,Depresseux, A,Oliva, E,Gautier, J,Tissandier, F,Nejdl, J,Kozlova, M,Maynard, G,Goddet, J P,Tafzi, A,Lifschitz, A,Kim, H T,Jacquemot, S,Rousseau, P,Zeitoun, P,Rousse, A IOP 2018 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.60 No.1
<P>We report here recent work on an optical field ionized (OFI), high-order harmonic-seeded EUV laser. The amplifying medium is a plasma of nickel-like krypton obtained by OFI when focusing a 1 J, 30 fs, circularly-polarized, infrared pulse into a krypton-filled gas cell or krypton gas jet. The lasing transition is the 3d<SUP>9</SUP>4d (<I>J</I>?=?0)?→?3d<SUP>9</SUP>4p (<I>J</I>?=?1) transition of Ni-like krypton ions at 32.8 nm and is pumped by collisions with hot electrons. The gain dynamics was probed by seeding the amplifier with a high-order harmonic pulse at different delays. The gain duration monotonically decreased from 7 ps to an unprecedented shortness of 450 fs full width at half-maximum as the amplification peak rose from 150 to 1200 with an increase of the plasma density from 3?×?10<SUP>18</SUP> to 1.2?×?10<SUP>20</SUP> cm<SUP>−3</SUP>. The integrated energy of the EUV laser pulse was also measured, and found to be around 2 <I>μ</I>J. It is to be noted that in the ASE mode, longer amplifiers were achieved (up to 2 cm), yielding EUV outputs up to 14 <I>μ</I>J.</P>
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Shin, Junghun,Kim, Hyung Taek,Pathak, V B,Hojbota, Calin,Lee, Seong Ku,Sung, Jae Hee,Lee, Hwang Woon,Yoon, Jin Woo,Jeon, Cheonha,Nakajima, Kazuhisa,Sylla, F,Lifschitz, A,Guillaume, E,Thaury, C,Malka, IOP 2018 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.60 No.6
<P>Generation of high-quality electron beams from laser wakefield acceleration requires optimization of initial experimental parameters. We present here the dependence of accelerated electron beams on the temporal profile of a driving PW laser, the density, and length of an interacting medium. We have optimized the initial parameters to obtain 2.8 GeV quasi-monoenergetic electrons which can be applied further to the development of compact electron accelerators and radiations sources.</P>
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