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        Microstructural Abnormalities of Basal Ganglia and Thalamus in Bipolar and Unipolar Disorders: A Diffusion Kurtosis and Perfusion Imaging Study

        Lianping Zhao,Ying Wang,Yanbin Jia,Shuming Zhong,Yao Sun,Zhifeng Zhou,Zhongping Zhang,Li Huang 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.4

        Objective: Bipolar disorder (BD) is often misdiagnosed as unipolar depression (UD), leading to mistreatment and poor clinical outcomes. However, little is known about the similarities and differences in subcorticalgray matter regions between BD and UD. Methods: Thirty-five BD patients, 30 UD patients and 40 healthy controls underwent diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) and three dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D ASL). The parameters including mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (Ka), radial kurtosis (Kr), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (Da), radial diffusivity (Dr) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured by using regions-of-interest analysis in the caudate, putamen and thalamus of the subcortical gray matter regions. Results: UD exhibited differences from controls for DKI measures and CBF in the left putamen and caudate. BD showed differences from controls for DKI measures in the left caudate. Additionally, BD showed lower Ka in right putamen, higher MD in right caudate compared with UD. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed the Kr of left caudate had the highest predictive power for distinguishing UD from controls. Conclusion: The two disorders may have overlaps in microstructural abnormality in basal ganglia. The change of caudate may serve as a potential biomarker for UD.

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        The reverse model of repositioning: A case study of the Howard Johnson hotel chain in China

        Lianping Ren,Po-Ju Chen,Jinlin Zhao,Peilai Wang 한국마케팅과학회 2017 마케팅과학연구 Vol.27 No.4

        This study explores the repositioning of an international hotel brand, Howard Johnson China (HoJo China) and examines the decoding strategies and process the fi rm undertook to establish itself in that market. The study reports that HoJo China had gone through a reverse model of repositioning, starting with the repositioning decision, followed by customer response analysis, and competitor analysis. A persistent pursuit of service quality and eff ective management consolidated the repositioning of HoJo China. The study includes creating a causal map to analyze the success factors of the repositioning case of HoJo China. The discussion describes the infl uences of contextual factors.

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