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Continuum-wise expansiveness for non-conservative or conservative systems
Pergamon Press 2016 Chaos, solitons, and fractals Vol.87 No.-
In this paper, we show that a non-conservative vector field is robustly continuum-wise expansive if and only if it satisfies both Axiom A and the quasi-transversality condition. Moreover, a conservative vector field (divergence-free vector field, Hamiltonian system) is robustly continuum-wise expansive if and only if it is Anosov.
A genetic algorithm for PDA optimal path generation using GPS
Lee, M.,Lee, Y.K.,Rittenhouse, R.G. Elsevier Science, B.V 2012 Applied soft computing Vol.12 No.8
Many web-sites provide a variety of electronic mapping services. Currently, many studies are underway to develop vehicle navigation software for PDA maps using GPS data. Popular among these services is one that computes the optimal route between two locations input by a user. This service of computing the optimal route plays an important role in vehicular navigation and distribution and delivery industries. The calculation and manipulation of the optimal route for navigation and vehicular delivery system improve the efficiency of vehicle use and delivery times, thereby reducing costs. The purpose of this study is to compute the optimal route by considering the direction of distribution vehicles and the delivery location and develop a genetic based algorithm that quickly generates the shortest route for delivery. The algorithm also generates the optimal route for itineraries having several destinations.
Lee, M.,Heo, M.,Lee, H.,Lee, H. H.,Jeong, H.,Kim, Y. W.,Shin, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.20 No.11
<P>An innovative system for extracting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was proposed that uses a two-step process that combines short-time pretreatment by electron-beam irradiation (EBI) in the solid state and disintegration using high pressure homogenization (HPH) and was compared with the classic production by tedious acid hydrolysis. EBI caused cellulose pulp to obviously degrade with a reduction of the degree of polymerization (DP) from 998 (raw) to 156 at 100 kGy, whereas the carboxylate content was significantly increased by oxidative activation from 0.04 to 0.84 mmol g-1 in the dose range of 200-3000 kGy. Subsequent alkaline treatment for facile HPH isolated high-purity dissociated cellulose pulp for CNC production. The EBI-induced CNCs in the suspensions displayed stable dispersion and background transparency, which was substantially obtained via HPH (10 passes at 25 000 psi and 25 degrees C) and centrifugation, had a uniform width and a tunable length of 23-31 nm and 128-747 nm, respectively, with a rod-like shape, a high crystallinity index of 71-81%, and a reasonable negative charge density similar to those of conventional CNCs. A higher yield of 35-67% and increased thermal stability (Td onset = 229-249 degrees C and Td max = 318-324 degrees C) could also be achieved. For re-dispersion after spray drying or additional chargeability, the irradiated cellulose pulp was further oxidized or cationized with sodium hypochlorite or glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride to increase or reverse charge on the surface, respectively, followed by HPH disintegration for CNC preparation. The combined EBI and HPH method offers a promising and efficient approach with a low environmental impact for CNC industry sustainability.</P>
Draft Genome Sequence of Pedobacter agri PB92T, Which Belongs to the Family Sphingobacteriaceae
Lee, M.,Roh, S. W.,Lee, H.-W.,Yim, K. J.,Kim, K.-N.,Bae, J.-W.,Choi, K.-S.,Jeon, Y.-J.,Jung, W.-K.,Kang, H.,Hyun, C.-G.,Kim, D. American Society for Microbiology 2012 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.194 No.14
Prepassivated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with improved edge acuity in annealed ohmic contacts
Lee, M,Ryoo, Y,Lee, J.-G,Cha, H.-Y,Seo, K IET 2011 Electronics letters Vol.47 No.12
<P>Sharp edge definition of annealed ohmic contacts is of great concern in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) because it is strongly associated with breakdown voltage uniformity and reliability. In this reported work, two-step sequential annealing in conjunction with a low-damage SiN<SUB>x</SUB> dry etching technique was employed in a prepassivation process in order to improve the edge acuity in annealed ohmic contacts. As a result, uniformity in breakdown voltage was significantly improved in comparison with a conventional process.</P>
Lee, M.,Lee, J.,Kang, C.,Kim, K.,Jang, H.,Kim, B.,Jang, G. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Microsystem Technologies Vol.22 No.6
<P>We propose a method to predict the oil injection time of fluid dynamic bearings (FDBs) with a tied shaft by applying Kirchhoff's pressure law. Since the oil is injected by capillary phenomenon, the volume flow rate can be calculated by utilizing Kirchhoff's pressure law. Then, we calculated the oil injection time of the FDBs with a tied shaft by dividing the volume flow rate by the clearance volumes of the journal bearing, the thrust bearing, and the recirculation channel (RC), respectively. We generated simulation models of the FDBs used in a 2.5aEuro(3) HDD spindle motor with a tied shaft. The total oil injection times of the FDBs with and without a RC were 0.302 and 0.335 s, respectively. Also, we verified the proposed method by measuring the oil injection time of FDBs with a RC. We applied the proposed method to predict and improve the oil injection time of the FDBs with a tied shaft due to the variation of major parameters affecting the oil injection time.</P>
Lee, M.,Lee, H.,Cheon, G. J.,Kim, H. S.,Chung, H. H.,Kim, J. W.,Park, N. H.,Song, Y. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 European radiology Vol.27 No.1
<P>aEuro cent FDG-based heterogeneity could be a potential predicator of EOC recurrence before treatment.</P>