http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
( Lauren M. Ladd ),( Temel Tirkes ),( Mark Tann ),( David M Agarwal ),( Matthew S Johnson ),( Bilal Tahir ),( Kumaresan Sandrasegaran ) 대한간학회 2016 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.22 No.4
Background/Aims: The diagnosis and treatment plan for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be made from radiologic imaging. However, lesion detection may vary depending on the imaging modality. This study aims to evaluate the sensitivities of hepatic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the detection of HCC and the consequent management impact on potential liver transplant patients. Methods: One hundred and sixteen HCC lesions were analyzed in 41 patients who received an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT). All of the patients underwent pretransplantation hepatic DSA, MDCT, and/or MRI. The imaging results were independently reviewed retrospectively in a blinded fashion by two interventional and two abdominal radiologists. The liver explant pathology was used as the gold standard for assessing each imaging modality. Results: The sensitivity for overall HCC detection was higher for cross-sectional imaging using MRI (51.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]=36.2-58.4%) and MDCT (49.8%, 95% CI=43.7-55.9%) than for DSA (41.7%, 95% CI=36.2-47.3%) (P=0.05). The difference in false-positive rate was not statistically significant between MRI (22%), MDCT (29%), and DSA (29%) (P=0.67). The sensitivity was significantly higher for detecting right lobe lesions than left lobe lesions for all modalities (MRI: 56.1% vs. 43.1%, MDCT: 55.0% vs. 42.0%, and DSA: 46.9% vs. 33.9%; all P<0.01). The sensitivities of the three imaging modalities were also higher for lesions ≥2 cm vs. <2 cm (MRI: 73.4% vs. 32.7%, MDCT: 66.9% vs. 33.8%, and DSA: 62.2% vs. 24.1%; all P<0.01). The interobserver correlation was rated as very good to excellent. Conclusions: The sensitivity for detecting HCC is higher for MRI and MDCT than for DSA, and so cross-sectional imaging modalities should be used to evaluate OLT candidacy. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2016;22:450-457)
Identifying Strategic Leadership Behaviors of Sport Industry Leaders: A Phenomenological Method
Lauren M. Johnson,Bryan A. McCullick,Troy T. Zhao,Brandon Mastromartino,Euisoo Kim,Yiran Su,James J. Zhang 아시아스포츠융합과학회 2022 Asia Pacific Journal of Applied Sport Sciences Vol.3 No.3
PURPOSE Learning more about what these sport leaders in executive positions do and the characteristics that help them do their jobs well is a key interest among team administrators, business development personnel, and sport management scholars and students when searching, screening, training, and/or developing effective leadership skills. METHOD In this study, a qualitative research investigation was employed with phenomenological method of inquiry to understand the lived experience of sport business leaders and their perceptions of related organizational outcomes. RESULT Strategic leaders in professional sports have five distinct behavioral functions, including (a) risk taking in event programming and fan engagement growth, (b) competitive action for sales, engagement, and organizational change, (c) transformational and charismatic behaviors to build future sport leaders, (d) vision and mission execution in consumer and stakeholder engagement, and (e) evaluating sponsorships and partnerships for revenue growth and brand visibility. CONCLUSION In relation to organization effectiveness, executive leaders must incorporate a vision, strategy, tactics, and commitment to a healthy organizational culture.