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Evaluation and future predictions of air pollutants level in Karachi city
Mukwana, Kishan Chand,Samo, Saleem Raza,Jakhrani, Abdul Qayoom,Tunio, Muhammad Mureed,Jatoi, Abdul Rehman Techno-Press 2017 Advances in environmental research Vol.6 No.2
The purpose of this study was to determine the present air pollutant concentrations and predicted levels for next 30 years in urban environment of Karachi city. For that, a total of fifty measurements were made for each twenty selected locations of the city. The locations were selected on the basis of land use pattern such as residential, commercial, industrial settlements, open areas, congested traffic and low traffic areas for investigation of air pollutants variability and intensity. The measurements were taken continuously for six months period using PM Meter, Model AEROCET 531 and Ambient Air Quality Meter, Model AAQ 7545. The concentration of air pollutants were found higher at Al Asif Square and Maripur Road due to higher intensity of traffic and at Korangi Crossing because of industrial areas. The level of pollutants was lower at Sea View owing to lower traffic congestion and transportation of pollutants by sea breezes.
Samo, Saleem Raza,Channa, Raja Siraj Ahmed,Mukwana, Kishan Chand Techno-Press 2017 Advances in environmental research Vol.6 No.3
For survival of human beings clean water is an essential commodity whereas contamination in drinking water threatens to mankind. The main cause of water contamination is social and development activities of human being along with increasing population. The community in the study area has acute shortage of drinking water along with about 40 to 60% has no access to safe drinking water. This study indicates drinking water quality of two major sources of coastal belt of Karachi one is supplied by Karachi Water & Sewerage Board (KWSB) as tap water and the other through groundwater. The physicochemical analysis was carried out by following the standard methods for checking the quality of drinking water. The analyzed results showed that the quality of groundwater was unfit as potable water. The most critical situation was observed as high level of contamination followed by high turbidity and increased salinity levels. TDS in surface water were found 12% above and TDS in groundwater was 20% below the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) of Pakistan as well as the permissible WHO drinking water quality guidelines.
A review of the state-of-the-art in aerodynamic performance of horizontal axis wind turbine
Muhammad Ramzan Luhur,Abdul Latif Manganhar,K.H. Solangi,Abdul Qayoom Jakhrani,Kishan Chand Mukwana,Saleem Raza Samo 한국풍공학회 2016 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.22 No.1
The paper presents the state-of-the-art in aerodynamic performance of the modern horizontal axis wind turbine. The study examines the different complexities involved with wind turbine blade aerodynamic performance in open atmosphere and turbine wakes, and highlights the issues which require further investigations. Additionally, the latest concept of smart blades and frequently used wind turbine design analysis tools have also been discussed. The investigation made through this literature survey shows significant progress towards wind turbine aerodynamic performance improvements in general. However, still there are several parameters whose behavior and specific role in regulating the performance of the blades is yet to be elucidated clearly; in particular, the wind turbulence, rotational effects, coupled effect of turbulence and rotation, extreme wind events, formation and life time of the wakes.
A review of the state-of-the-art in aerodynamic performance of horizontal axis wind turbine
Luhur, Muhammad Ramzan,Manganhar, Abdul Latif,Solangi, K.H.,Jakhrani, Abdul Qayoom,Mukwana, Kishan Chand,Samo, Saleem Raza Techno-Press 2016 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.22 No.1
The paper presents the state-of-the-art in aerodynamic performance of the modern horizontal axis wind turbine. The study examines the different complexities involved with wind turbine blade aerodynamic performance in open atmosphere and turbine wakes, and highlights the issues which require further investigations. Additionally, the latest concept of smart blades and frequently used wind turbine design analysis tools have also been discussed. The investigation made through this literature survey shows significant progress towards wind turbine aerodynamic performance improvements in general. However, still there are several parameters whose behavior and specific role in regulating the performance of the blades is yet to be elucidated clearly; in particular, the wind turbulence, rotational effects, coupled effect of turbulence and rotation, extreme wind events, formation and life time of the wakes.