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JMC: Jitter-Based Mixed-Criticality Scheduling for Distributed Real-Time Systems
Lee, Kilho,Kim, Minsu,Kim, Hayeon,Chwa, Hoon Sung,Lee, Jaewoo,Lee, Jinkyu,Shin, Insik IEEE 2019 IEEE Internet of things journal Vol.6 No.4
<P>These days, the term of Internet of Things (IoT) becomes popular to interact and cooperate with individual smart objects, and one of the most critical challenges for IoT is to achieve efficient resource sharing as well as ensure safety-stringent timing constraints. To design such reliable real-time IoT, this paper focuses on the concept of mixed-criticality (MC) introduced to address the low processor utilization on traditional real-time systems. Although different worst-case execution time estimates depending on criticality are proven effective on processor scheduling, the MC concept is not yet mature on distributed systems (such as IoT), especially with end-to-end deadline guarantee. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first attempt to apply the MC concept into interference (or jitter), which is a complicated source of pessimism when analyzing the schedulability of distributed systems. Our goal is to guarantee the end-to-end deadlines of high-criticality flows and minimize the deadline miss ratio of low-criticality flows in distributed systems. To achieve this goal, we introduce a jitter-based MC (JMC) scheduling framework, which supports node-level mode changes in distributed systems. We present an optimal feasibility condition (subject to given schedulability analysis) and two policies to determine jitter-threshold values to achieve the goal in different conditions. Via simulation results for randomly generated workloads, <I>JMC</I> outperforms an existing criticality-monotonic scheme in terms of achieving higher schedulability and fewer deadline misses.</P>
Semiconducting Polymers with Nanocrystallites Interconnected via Boron-Doped Carbon Nanotubes
Yu, Kilho,Lee, Ju Min,Kim, Junghwan,Kim, Geunjin,Kang, Hongkyu,Park, Byoungwook,Ho Kahng, Yung,Kwon, Sooncheol,Lee, Sangchul,Lee, Byoung Hun,Kim, Jehan,Park, Hyung Il,Kim, Sang Ouk,Lee, Kwanghee American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.12
<P>Organic semiconductors are key building blocks for future electronic devices that require unprecedented properties of low-weight, flexibility, and portability. However, the low charge-carrier mobility and undesirable processing conditions limit their compatibility with low-cost, flexible, and printable electronics. Here, we present significantly enhanced field-effect mobility (μ<SUB>FET</SUB>) in semiconducting polymers mixed with boron-doped carbon nanotubes (B-CNTs). In contrast to undoped CNTs, which tend to form undesired aggregates, the B-CNTs exhibit an excellent dispersion in conjugated polymer matrices and improve the charge transport between polymer chains. Consequently, the B-CNT-mixed semiconducting polymers enable the fabrication of high-performance FETs on plastic substrates via a solution process; the μ<SUB>FET</SUB> of the resulting FETs reaches 7.2 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>–1</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>, which is the highest value reported for a flexible FET based on a semiconducting polymer. Our approach is applicable to various semiconducting polymers without any additional undesirable processing treatments, indicating its versatility, universality, and potential for high-performance printable electronics.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-12/nl503574h/production/images/medium/nl-2014-03574h_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl503574h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Lee, Kilho,Kim, Daehyeok,Shin, Insik IEEE 2017 IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS Vol.21 No.1
<P>Traffic redundancy elimination (RE) is an attractive approach to improve the throughput in bandwidth-limited networks. While previous studies show that the RE is useful for improving the throughput in such networks, we observed that the RE would not be an effective solution in wireless networks. We found the TCP congestion control cannot take advantage of the RE, without knowing how the underlying RE system manipulates each TCP packet. In this letter, we present a novel technique called REboost to enable the TCP layer to be aware of the underlying RE system and improve the throughput. Our evaluation with a prototype shows that REboost significantly improves the throughput compared with the previous RE systems.</P>
User Mobility Model Based Computation Offloading Decision for Mobile Cloud
Kilho Lee,Insik Shin 한국정보과학회 2015 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.9 No.3
The last decade has seen a rapid growth in the use of mobile devices all over the world. With an increasing use of mobile devices, mobile applications are becoming more diverse and complex, demanding more computational resources. However, mobile devices are typically resource-limited (i.e., a slower-speed CPU, a smaller memory) due to a variety of reasons. Mobile users will be capable of running applications with heavy computation if they can offload some of their computations to other places, such as a desktop or server machines. However, mobile users are typically subject to dynamically changing network environments, particularly, due to user mobility. This makes it hard to choose good offloading decisions in mobile environments. In general, users’ mobility can provide some hints for upcoming changes to network environments. Motivated by this, we propose a mobility model of each individual user taking advantage of the regularity of his/her mobility pattern, and develop an offloading decision-making technique based on the mobility model. We evaluate our technique through trace-based simulation with real log data traces from 14 Android users. Our evaluation results show that the proposed technique can help boost the performance of mobile devices in terms of response time and energy consumption, when users are highly mobile.
Lee, Gyudo,Lee, Hyungbeen,Nam, Kihwan,Han, Jae-Hee,Yang, Jaemoon,Lee, Sang Woo,Yoon, Dae Sung,Eom, Kilho,Kwon, Taeyun Springer 2012 Nanoscale research letters Vol.7 No.1
<P>We report on how to quantify the binding affinity between a nanoparticle and chemical functional group using various experimental methods such as cantilever assay, PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical property mapping, and lateral force microscopy. For the immobilization of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto a microscale silicon substrate, we have considered two different chemical functional molecules of amine and catecholamine (here, dopamine was used). It is found that catecholamine-modified surface is more effective for the functionalization of AuNPs onto the surface than the amine-modified surface, which has been shown from our various experiments. The dimensionless parameter (i.e., ratio of binding affinity) introduced in this work from such experiments is useful in quantitatively depicting such binding affinity, indicating that the binding affinity and stability between AuNPs and catecholamine is approximately 1.5 times stronger than that between amine and AuNPs. Our study sheds light on the experiment-based quantitative characterization of the binding affinity between nanomaterial and chemical groups, which will eventually provide an insight into how to effectively design the functional material using chemical groups.</P>
Real‐Time Quantitative Monitoring of Specific Peptide Cleavage by a Proteinase for Cancer Diagnosis
Lee, Gyudo,Eom, Kilho,Park, Joseph,Yang, Jaemoon,Haam, Seungjoo,Huh, Yong‐,Min,Ryu, Joo Kyung,Kim, Nam Hee,Yook, Jong In,Lee, Sang Woo,Yoon, Dae Sung,Kwon, Taeyun WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.24
<P><B>Gute Schwingungen</B>: Ein resonanter Massesensor, auf dessen Oberfläche Peptide immobilisiert sind, wird in einem Bioassay verwendet, mit dem die proteolytische Aktivität der Membran‐Typ‐1‐Matrix‐Metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) bestimmt werden kann. Dabei werden Änderungen in der Frequenz des Massesensors gemessen, die nach der spezifischen proteolytischen Spaltung der immobilisierten Zielpeptide durch MT1‐MMP auftreten (siehe Bild).</P>
Correlation between the hierarchical structures and nanomechanical properties of amyloid fibrils
Lee, Gyudo,Lee, Wonseok,Baik, Seunghyun,Kim, Yong Ho,Eom, Kilho,Kwon, Taeyun IOP 2018 Nanotechnology Vol.29 No.29
<P>Amyloid fibrils have recently been highlighted due to their excellent mechanical properties, which not only play a role in their biological functions but also imply their applications in biomimetic material design. Despite recent efforts to unveil how the excellent mechanical properties of amyloid fibrils originate, it has remained elusive how the anisotropic nanomechanical properties of hierarchically structured amyloid fibrils are determined. Here, we characterize the anisotropic nanomechanical properties of hierarchically structured amyloid fibrils using atomic force microscopy experiments and atomistic simulations. It is shown that the hierarchical structure of amyloid fibrils plays a crucial role in determining their radial elastic property but does not make any effect on their bending elastic property. This is attributed to the role of intermolecular force acting between the filaments (constituting the fibril) on the radial elastic modulus of amyloid fibrils. Our finding illustrates how the hierarchical structure of amyloid fibrils encodes their anisotropic nanomechanical properties. Our study provides key design principles of amyloid fibrils, which endow valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms of amyloid mechanics.</P>
User Mobility Model Based Computation Offloading Decision for Mobile Cloud
Lee, Kilho,Shin, Insik Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2015 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.9 No.3
The last decade has seen a rapid growth in the use of mobile devices all over the world. With an increasing use of mobile devices, mobile applications are becoming more diverse and complex, demanding more computational resources. However, mobile devices are typically resource-limited (i.e., a slower-speed CPU, a smaller memory) due to a variety of reasons. Mobile users will be capable of running applications with heavy computation if they can offload some of their computations to other places, such as a desktop or server machines. However, mobile users are typically subject to dynamically changing network environments, particularly, due to user mobility. This makes it hard to choose good offloading decisions in mobile environments. In general, users' mobility can provide some hints for upcoming changes to network environments. Motivated by this, we propose a mobility model of each individual user taking advantage of the regularity of his/her mobility pattern, and develop an offloading decision-making technique based on the mobility model. We evaluate our technique through trace-based simulation with real log data traces from 14 Android users. Our evaluation results show that the proposed technique can help boost the performance of mobile devices in terms of response time and energy consumption, when users are highly mobile.