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Kia, Abdollah Almasian,Rezapour, Aziz,Khosravi, Ardeshir,Abarghouei, Vajiheh Afzali The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2017 예방의학회지 Vol.50 No.3
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the socioeconomic inequality in malnutrition in under-5 children in Iran in order to help policymakers reduce such inequality. Methods: Data on 8443 under-5 children were extracted from the Iran Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey. The wealth index was used as proxy for socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic inequality in stunting, underweight, and wasting was calculated using the concentration index. The concentration index was calculated for the whole sample, as well as for subcategories defined in terms of categories such as area of residence (urban and rural) and the sex of children. Results: Stunting was observed to be more prevalent than underweight or wasting. The results of the concentration index at the national level, as well as in rural and urban areas and in terms of children's sex, showed that inequality in stunting and underweight was statistically significant and that children in the lower quintiles were more malnourished. The wasting index was not sensitive to socioeconomic status, and its concentration index value was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study showed that it can be misleading to assess the mean levels of malnutrition at the national level without knowledge of the distribution of malnutrition among socioeconomic groups. Significant socioeconomic inequalities in stunting and underweight were observed at the national level and in both urban and rural areas. Regarding the influence of nutrition on the health and economic well-being of preschool-aged children, it is necessary for the government to focus on taking targeted measures to reduce malnutrition and to focus on poorer groups within society who bear a greater burden of malnutrition.
건설재해 저감을 위한 발주자 중심의 안전관리체계 구축에 관한 연구
Kia, Seongho,Park, Namkwun 한국재난정보학회 2014 한국재난정보학회 논문집 Vol.10 No.4
최근 노량진 수몰사고, 방화대교 붕괴사고 등의 대규모 건설재해가 끊이지 않고 발생하고 있다. 이에 건설공사 현장에서 재해 저감을 위한 다양한 공사참여자의 역할 및 책임이 중요한 요소로 인식되고 있는 실정이다. 건설 산업은 계획, 설계, 시공, 유지관리 단계를 거치면서 발주자를 비롯한 설계자, 시공자 등 다수의 행위주체들이 참여하여 공사목적물을 만들어 가는 일련의 과정이다. 그러나 현행 안전관리의 주체는 근로자를 직접 고용하는 원도급자인 시공사에게만 책임이 집중되고 최상위에서 의사결정 권한을 행사하는 발주자의 안전활동 참여는 배제되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 각 공사참여자를 대상으로 안전활동에 대한 인식수준 및 실태에 대하여 파악하고, 이를 통해 발주자 중심의 안전관리체계에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다. Large scale construction disasters such as recent Noryangjin flooding incident and Banghwadaegyo collapse accident are occurring persistently. Thereupon, the role and responsibility of the various construction participants are considered as major element to reduce disaster at the construction site. Construction industry is a process of building construction object by going through planning, designing, constructing, and maintenance controlling in which various bodies of act, from contractor to designer and builders, participate. However, the subject of current safety supervision is focused on the builder, the contract enterprise which directly employs workers, while the safety activity participation of the contractor, who exerts decision-making authority at the highest level, is excluded. Therefore, this study understands the level of awareness and reality on the safety activity of each construction participants from which the improvement plan on the contractor centered safety management system is proposed.
Nowrouzi-Kia, Behdin,Li, Anson K.C.,Nguyen, Christine,Casole, Jennifer Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.2
Background: The objective of this study is to find temporal trends in the associations between cardiovascular disease and occupational risk factors in the context of the Canadian population. Methods: Population data were analyzed from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) collected between 2001 and 2014 for trends over time between heart disease and various occupational risk factors: hours worked, physical exertion at work, and occupation type (management/arts/education, business/finance, sales/services, trades/transportations, and primary industry/processing). Results: We found no significant difference in the average number of hours worked/wk between individuals who report having heart disease in all years of data except in 2011 ($F_{1,96}=7.02$, p = 0.009) and 2012 ($F_{1,96}=8.86$, p = 0.004). We also found a significant difference in the degree of physical exertion at work in 2001 ($F_{1,79}=7.45$, p = 0.008). There were statistically significant results of occupation type on self-reported heart disease from 2003 to 2014. Conclusion: Canadian data from the CCHS do not exhibit a trend toward an association between heart disease and the number of hours worked/wk. There is an association between heart disease and physical exertion at work, but the trend is inconsistent. The data indicate a trend toward an association between heart disease and occupation type, but further analysis is required to determine which occupation type may be associated with heart disease.
Lau Kia Li,Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil,Luqman Chuah Abdullah,Nik Nor Liyana Nik Ibrahim,Adeyi Abel Adekanmi,Mohsen Nourouzi 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.6
This research reports application of artificial neural network (ANN) in investigation and optimisation of boron adsorption capacity in aqueous solution using amidoxime-modified poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid) (AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA)). Both feed-forward and recurrent ANN have been utilized to predict the adsorption potential of synthesised polymer. Three operational parameters, which are adsorbent dosage, initial pH and initial boron concentration during adsorption process were designed to study their effects on the removal capacity. The ANN was trained from experimental data and serviced to optimize, develop and create various prediction models in the process of boron adsorption by AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA). Among several models, radial basis function (RBF) with orthogonal least square (OLS) algorithm displayed good prediction on boron adsorption capacity with mean square error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R²) at 0.000209 and 0.9985, respectively. With desirable the MSE and R² values, ANN worked as a promising prediction tool that was able to generate good estimate. The simulated maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized polymer is 15.23 ± 1.05 mg boron/g adsorbent. Besides, from the results of ANN, the AO-modified poly(AN-co-AA) was proven to be a potential adsorbent for the removal of boron in wastewater treatment.