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양동호,홍세용,성기범,안무영,윤신구,박형국,양광익,황주호,신현길 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.1
Multiple lines of evidence link elevated blood pressure with diabetes mellitus. Specifically, it has been proposed that resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemia may play a central role in the cause and clinical course of hypertension. In diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia is an common finding and it is interesting whether the hyperinsulinemia may play a signigicant role in hypertension with DM in the same way as in essential hypertension without diabetes mellitus. The object of this study was to compare insulin and c-peptide levels between age, sex, and obesity matched two groups(DM with DM without hypertension). Method The study group consisted of 55 male diabetes mellitus patients, aged between 45-55 (years). Patients with obesity (body mass index · 30 ㎏/m2), renal disease (proteinuria · 300 ㎎/24hr urine), and secondary hypertension were excluded. Insulin and c-peptide were measured in overnight fasting state and after oral administration of glucose(75 gm). In the fasting, venous plasma glucose levels were similar in the hypertensive and control group(132 ±7 ㎎/dl vs 135 ±8 ㎎/dl). In the fasting, venous plasma insulin levels were higher in the hypertensive than in the control group (10.9 ±5.3 μIU/ml vs 5.5 ±3.9 μIU/ml, p = 0.0001). After loading with 75 gm glucose, venous plasma insulin level seems to be higher in the hypertensive patients than in the control patients, but the difference was not signigicant statistically (27.2 ±17.5 μIU/ml vs 19.9 ±18.9 μIU/ml, p = 0.1297). The mean insulin concentration of the essential hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus was twice that of the normotensive patients with diabetes mellitus. In control group, there was a direct relations between insulin level and c-peptide, in both fasting state (R = 0.617, p = 0.0001) and glucose-loaded state (R = 0.531, p = 0.001). But in hypertensive group, there was no relations between insulin level and c-peptide, in both fasting state (R = 0.257, p = 0.2738) and glucose-loaded state (R = 0.307, p = 0.1885).
Distribution of Calcium Hydroxide at the ITZ between Steel and Concrete
Ann Ki-Yong,Kim Hong-Sam,Kim Yang-Bae,Moon Han-Young Korea Concrete Institute 2005 콘크리트학회논문집 Vol.17 No.3
The present study examines the distribution of calcium hydroxide, unhydrated cement grain and porosity at the steel-concrete interface. The formation of calcium hydroxide has been confirmed by microscopic analysis using BSE images containing the ITZ between the steel and concrete. It was found that calcium hydroxide does not form a layer on the steel surface, different from the hypothesis that has been available in investigating the corrosion of steel in concrete, ranging from 5 to $10\%$ within the steel surface. Moreover, the high level of porosity at the ITZ was observed, accounting for $30\%$, which may reduce the buffering capacity of cement hydration products against a local fall in the pH. These findings may imply that the mole of ($Cl^-$) :($OH^-$) in pore solution as chloride threshold level lead to wrong judgement or to a wide range of values.
Chloride Transport in OPC Concrete Subjected to the Freeze and Thaw Damage
Ann, Ki Yong,Kim, Min Jae,Hwang, Jun Pil,Cho, Chang-geun,Kim, Ki Hwan Hindawi Limited 2017 Advances In Materials Science And Engineering Vol.2017 No.1
<P>To predict the durability of a concrete structure under the coupling degradation consisting of the frosting and chloride attack, microstructural analysis of the concrete pore structure should be accompanied. In this study, the correlation between the pore structure and chloride migration for OPC concrete was evaluated at the different cement content in the concrete mix accounting for 300, 350, and 400 kg/m<SUP>3</SUP> at 0.45 of a free water cement ratio. The influence of frosting damage on the rate of chloride transport was assessed by testing with concrete specimens subjected to a rapid freezing and thawing cyclic environment. As a result, it was found that chloride transport was accelerated by frost damage, which was more influential at the lower cement content. The microscopic examination of the pore structure showed that the freezing environment increased the volume of the large capillary pore in the concrete matrix.</P>