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Nadhira Dahari,Khalida Muda,Mohd Talib Latif,Norelyza Hussein 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.2
Air pollution is a worldwide issue that is mainly caused from excessive inhalation of hazardous PM2.5 pollutant that is emitted into the air. The objective of this study is to assess the fundamental knowledge revolving PM2.5 (particles aerodynamic diameter of lower than or equal to 2.5 μm) and its inorganic composition in ambient air of urban areas, mainly in Malaysia in comparison to other Southeast Asia countries. This research also investigates the theory of particle number concentration (PNC) with PM2.5, also the health effects and origins of the emissions. The factors affecting the PM2.5 mass include the local emission, El Nino phenomenon, land, meteorological effects, monsoons, rainfall events, sea breeze, transboundary pollution and seasonal changes. 24 h mean PM2.5 mass concentration for metropolitan regions in the SEA is in the range of 11 μgm−3 and 72.3 μgm−3, while between 5.30 μgm−3 and 55.89 μgm−3 for semi-urban zones. For rural area, the 24 h mean PM2.5 value is about 30 μgm−3. The findings indicate that metals inPM2.5 emission are frequently Pb, Se, Zn, Cd, As, Bi, Ba, Cu, Rb, V, Ni, Fe, Ca, Mn, Cr, Al, Si and K, where Zn has the uppermost range of 133.50 to 419.30 ngm−3 while the major water-soluble ions exist are NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, Na+, inwhichNa+, NH4 + and Cl- are present in aged sea salt and mixed industrial, Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in mineral dust, NH4 +, K+ and SO4 2− present in mixture of SIA and biomass burning. There is a high correlation between the particle mass concentration and PNC level, especially the ones in accumulation mode (PNC0.1–1.0) which are mostly originated from the emission of heavy traffic streets.
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Mustafa Wajdi,Khalida Muda,Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.126 No.-
Understanding the mechanisms and mass transfer kinetics of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removedfrom palm oil mill effluent (POME) could be one of the most important steps to achieve an effectivedesign process of engineering acetogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mass transferkinetics of COD removed from POME in stirred cylinder batch reactor (SCBR) under an anaerobic environmentusing the modified mass transfer factor models. The performance of SCBR for the removal of CODincreased with an electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure reaches 77.6% of its maximum efficiency whenthe operation of SCBR was set at the hydraulic retention time of 9 days. The variation of [kLa]d valuehas a trend of almost similar to that of [kLa]g value and is far higher than that of [kLa]f value to concludethat the resistance of mass transfer for the removal of COD from POME by the SCBR process depends onexternal mass transfer. The analysis of COD removal efficiency pursuant to the [kLa]d value provides anew insight on the performance of SCBR increased with an EMF exposure contributing to advanced treatmentof COD from POME for achieving an effective process of engineering acetogenic bacteria.
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M. Anwar Alias,Khalida Muda,Augustine Chioma Affam,Azmi Aris,Normala Hashim 대한환경공학회 2017 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.22 No.1
This study investigated the effect of various cations (Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Al<SUP>3+</SUP>, Mn<SUP>2+</SUP>, Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>) on the autoaggregation (AAg) and surface hydrophobicity (SHb) of three different bacteria (Brevibacillus panacihumi strain (ZB1), Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain (ZB2) and Enterococcus faecalis strain (ZL)) using a 2-level factorial design. The AAg ratio was measured from the changes in the absorbance of the media. Results show that ZB2 had maximum AAg for the three bacteria investigated. A microscopic clustering of cells was observed when Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> was added to ZB2. The AAg was in the range of 62%, 58% and 34% for ZB2, ZB1 and ZL, respectively and correlated to the SHb. The aggregation and SHb of the microbial cells increased with increasing ionic strength due to the repulsive steric or overlap forces between the polymer covered surfaces. Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> demonstrated a more significant effect on aggregation and SHb of microbial cells due to an attractive binding force.
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