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Death feigning in adult diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Kazushige Okai,Shinji Sugiura 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2
Death feigning is an anti-predator defense mechanism that involves a state of immobility in response to external stimuli. Predaceous diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) utilize chemical substances to defend themselves against predators, while other defensive behaviors have rarely been reported. In this study, we report that adults of eight dytiscid species (Agabus conspicuus, A. japonicus, Cybister brevis, Graphoderus adamsii, Hydaticus bowringii, H. grammicus, Ilybius apicalis, and Rhantus suturalis) performed death feigning. When these species were dropped from a height of 300 mm into a plastic case without water, 30.0–85.7 % of the dropped individuals displayed death feigning (average duration: 8.6–371.4 s). In G. adamsii and H. bowringii, 13.3 % and 48.6 % of the dropped adults folded all of their legs while feigning death. When the adults of G. adamsii and H. bowringii were dropped directly into water, none of them feigned death. These results suggest that death feigning of some dytiscid species functions to avoid predators on the ground.