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Siang-Hua Victor Chan,Kai-Sing Alain Wong,Yat-Ming Peter Woo,Kwong-Yau Chan,Kar-Ming Leung 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2014 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.16 No.4
Objective : Several modalities are available for volumetric measurement ofthe intracranial aneurysm. We discuss the challenges involved in manualsegmentation, and analyze the application of alternative methods usingautomatic segmentation and geometric formulae in measurement of aneurysmvolumes and coil packing density. Methods : The volumes and morphology of 38 aneurysms treated withendovascular coiling at a single center were measured using three-dimensionalrotational angiography (3DRA) reconstruction software using automaticsegmentation. Aneurysm volumes were also calculated from theirheight, width, depth, size of neck, and assumed shape in 3DRA imagesusing simple geometric formulae. The aneurysm volumes were dichotomizedas "small" or "large" using the median volume of the studied population(54 mm3) measured by automatic segmentation as the cut-off valuefor further statistical analysis. Results : A greater proportion of aneurysms were categorized as being"small" when geometric formulae were applied. The median aneurysm volumesobtained were 54.5 mm3 by 3DRA software, and 30.6 mm3 usingmathematical equations. An underestimation of aneurysm volume with aresultant overestimation in the calculated coil packing density (p = 0.002)was observed. Conclusion : Caution must be exercised in the application of simple geometricformulae in the management of intracranial aneurysms as volumesmay potentially be underestimated and packing densities falsely elevated. Future research should focus on validation of automatic segmentation involumetric measurement and improving its accuracy to enhance its applicationin clinical practice.
Ansel Shao Pin Tang,Kai En Chan,Jingxuan Quek,Jieling Xiao,Phoebe Tay,Margaret Teng,Keng Siang Lee,Snow Yunni Lin,May Zin Myint,Benjamin Tan,Vijay K Sharma,Darren Jun Hao Tan,Wen Hui Lim,Apichat Kaewd 대한간학회 2022 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.28 No.3
Background/Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. While existing studies have examined cardiac remodeling in NAFLD, there has been less emphasis on the development of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke. We sought to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the prevalence, risk factors, and degree of risk increment of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke in NAFLD. Methods: Embase and Medline were searched for articles relating to NAFLD, carotid atherosclerosis, and stroke. Proportional data was analysed using a generalized linear mixed model. Pairwise meta-analysis was conducted to obtain odds ratio or weighted mean difference for comparison between patients with and without NAFLD. Results: From pooled analysis of 30 studies involving 7,951 patients with NAFLD, 35.02% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.36–43.53%) had carotid atherosclerosis with an odds ratio of 3.20 (95% CI, 2.37–4.32; P<0.0001). Pooled analysis of 25,839 patients with NAFLD found the prevalence of stroke to be 5.04% (95% CI, 2.74–9.09%) with an odds ratio of 1.88 (95% CI, 1.23–2.88; P=0.02) compared to non-NAFLD. The degree of steatosis assessed by ultrasonography in NAFLD was closely associated with risk of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke. Older age significantly increased the risk of developing carotid atherosclerosis, but not stroke in NAFLD. Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that a stepwise increment of steatosis of NAFLD can significantly increase the risk of carotid atherosclerosis and stroke development in NAFLD. Patients more than a third sufferred from carotid atherosclerosis and routine assessment of carotid atherosclerosis is quintessential in NAFLD.
Feng Yi Cheo,Celeste Hong Fei Lim,Kai Siang Chan,Vishal Girishchandra Shelat 한국간담췌외과학회 2024 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.28 No.1
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most diagnosed cancer worldwide. Healthcare resource constraints may predispose treatment delays. We aim to review existing literature on whether delayed treatment results in worse outcomes in HCC. PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception till December 2022. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes included post-treatment mortality, readmission rates, and complications. Fourteen studies with a total of 135,389 patients (delayed n = 25,516, no delay n = 109,873) were included. Age, incidence of male patients, Child–Pugh B cirrhosis, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage 0/A HCC were comparable between delayed and no delay groups. Tumor size was significantly smaller in delayed versus no delay group (mean difference, –0.70 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –1.14, 0.26; p = 0.002). More patients received radiofrequency ablation in delayed versus no delay group (OR, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.27; p < 0.0001). OS was comparable between delayed and no delay in HCC treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.29; p = 0.07). Comparable DFS between delayed and no delay groups (HR, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.30; p = 0.95) was observed. Subgroup analysis of studies that defined treatment delay as > 90 days showed comparable OS in the delayed group (HR, 1.04; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.16; p = 0.51). OS and DFS for delayed treatment were non-inferior compared to no delay, but might be due to better tumor biology/smaller tumor size in the delayed group.