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        A comparative morphological study of electron beam co-deposited binary optical thin films of HfO2:SiO₂ and ZrO₂:SiO₂

        R.B. Tokas,N.K. Sahoo,S. Thakur,N.M. Kamble 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.5

        A comparative morphology, grain structure and optical properties studies of reactive electron beam co-evaporated mixed thin films of hafnia–silica (HfO₂:SiO₂) and zirconia–silica (ZrO₂:SiO₂) systems have been carried out using atomic force microscopy and phase modulated ellipsometry. The addition of silica, especially with small fractions, has demonstrated altogether different types of evolutions in the microstructure and morphology in these binary thin film systems possibly forming new solid solution phases. Such morphological evolutions are probed through RMS roughness, power spectral density, height–height correlation and autocorrelation analyses of the topographic data acquired through atomic force microscopy. The present investigations indicated that with composition-control morphological quality improvement is more favourable in composite hafnia–silica over the zirconia–silica films. So for ultraviolet optical coating applications which demand low light scattering thin film microstructure, hafnia–silica binary composite system has a definite edge over the zirconia–silica counterpart. A comparative morphology, grain structure and optical properties studies of reactive electron beam co-evaporated mixed thin films of hafnia–silica (HfO₂:SiO₂) and zirconia–silica (ZrO₂:SiO₂) systems have been carried out using atomic force microscopy and phase modulated ellipsometry. The addition of silica, especially with small fractions, has demonstrated altogether different types of evolutions in the microstructure and morphology in these binary thin film systems possibly forming new solid solution phases. Such morphological evolutions are probed through RMS roughness, power spectral density, height–height correlation and autocorrelation analyses of the topographic data acquired through atomic force microscopy. The present investigations indicated that with composition-control morphological quality improvement is more favourable in composite hafnia–silica over the zirconia–silica films. So for ultraviolet optical coating applications which demand low light scattering thin film microstructure, hafnia–silica binary composite system has a definite edge over the zirconia–silica counterpart.

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        Compositional variations of chromian spinels from peridotites of the Spontang ophiolite complex, Ladakh, NW Himalayas, India: petrogenetic implications

        Mallika K. Jonnalagadda,Nitin R. Karmalkar,Mathieu Benoit,Michel Gregoire,Raymond A. Duraiswami,Shivani Harshe,Sagar Kamble 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.6

        The Spontang ophiolite complex exposed along the Indus Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ) represents a fragment of oceanic lithosphere emplaced after the closure of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. The complex lying south of the ITSZ forms the highest tectonic thrust slice above the Mesozoic–Early Tertiary continental margin in the Ladakh-Zanskar Himalaya. The complex consists of a well-preserved ophiolite sequence dominated by peridotites, gabbros and ultramafic cumulates along with highly tectonized sheeted dykes and pillow lavas. The mantle suite of rocks is represented by minor lherzolites, harzburgites and dunites. Chromian spinel is brown to reddish, and its morphology and textural relationship with coexisting silicates varies with strain. Spinel occurs as blebs and vermicular exsolutions within orthopyroxene to spherical inclusions within olivine, characteristic of which is the elongate holly leaf shape. Chrome spinels are characterized by low TiO2 and high Cr2O3 indicative of their depleted nature. Cr# [= atomic ratio Cr/(Cr + Al)] in the studied spinels are characterized by a small decrease in TiO2 for a larger increase in Cr# consistent with observations for spinels aligned along the Luobusa trend of the Yarlung Zangpo Suture Zone (YZSZ) ophiolites. Variations in Cr-spinel Cr# and Mg# observed in the investigated peridotites may have resulted from a wide range of degrees of mantle melting during their evolution. Mineral and whole-rock chemistry of the Spontang peridotites is characterized by interaction between depleted magma and pre-existing oceanic lithosphere, typical of supra-subduction zone settings. The Spontang peridotites have olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene compositions similar to those from both abyssal and fore-arc peridotites and display spoon shaped REE profiles characteristic of interaction between LREE-enriched melt, derived from the subducting slab and LREE depleted mantle residues. Equilibration temperatures calculated for the above rocks indicate that the studied samples represent typical mantle peridotites formed within the spinel stability field.

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        Cryopreservation of Mulberry Germplasm Core Collection and Assessment of Genetic Stability through ISSR Markers

        Rao, A. Ananda,Chaudhury, Rekha,Kumar, Suseel,Velu, D.,Saraswat, R.P.,Kamble, C.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.15 No.1

        A simple and reliable cryo technique using desiccation and slow freezing of winter dormant buds was employed for 238 core collection of mulberry germplasm collected from diverse geographical regions and maintained under tropical conditions in the ex situ field gene bank to develop long-term biodiversity conservation for ensuring sustainable utilization of these valuable resources. Desiccation and freezing tolerance of bud grafts and excised shoot apices in the axillary buds of different Morus species under in vivo and in vitro condition indicated species-specific variation and most of the wild Morus species were found sensitive. In vitro regeneration and cryopreservation($-196^{\circ}C$) protocols using differentiated bud meristem like axillary winter dormant buds were worked out for a wide range of Morus species, land races, wild and cultivated varieties. Successful cryopreservation of mulberry winter dormant buds of different accessions belonging to M. indica, M. alba, M. latifolia, M. cathayana, M. laevigata, M. nigra, M. australis, M. bombycis, M. sinensis, M multicaulis and M. rotundiloba was achieved. Among wild species Morus tiliaefolia, and M. serrata showed moderate recovery after cryopreservation. Survival rates did not alter after three years of cryopreservation of different Morus species. ISSR markers were used to ascertain the genetic stability of cryopreserved mulberry, which showed no difference detected among the plantlets regenerated from frozen apices in comparison to the non-frozen material.

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