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Robust back‑stepping sliding mode control for LCL‑type grid‑connected inverters in weak grids
Xin Ding,Junyang Liang,Shangping Lu,Fannie Kong,Yanming Chen 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.5
Gird impedance variations in a weak grid can easily lead to the instability of grid-connected inverters with an LCL filter. In this paper, a robust back-stepping sliding mode control strategy for the LCL-type grid-connected inverter is proposed to ensure local asymptotic stability. First, due to its nonlinear switching problem, the model is transformed into the Brunovsky canonical form of a linear system, using the exact feedback linearization theory. Then, to ensure global stability and rapid dynamic performance, a back-stepping sliding mode control strategy is recursively derived. Furthermore, under the premise of asymptotic stability, a robust scheme is developed to obtain appropriate parameters against grid impedance variations. Hence, the expected stability performance can be achieved and the dynamic performance can be improved in a weak grid. Finally, a 2 kW prototype is constructed, and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller when compared with the conventional back-stepping scheme.
Engineered biomaterials for development of nucleic acid vaccines
Jun Yang,Yan Li,Shubin Jin,Jing Xu,Paul C Wang,Xing-Jie Liang,Xin Zhang 한국생체재료학회 2015 생체재료학회지 Vol.19 No.1
Nucleic acid vaccines have attracted many attentions since they have presented some superiority over traditional vaccines. However, they could only induce moderate immunogenicity. The route and formulation of nucleic acid vaccines have strong effects on the immune response and efficiency. Numerous biomaterials are used as a tool to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens. They deliver the antigens into the cells through particle- and non-particle-mediated pathway. However, challenges remain due to lack of comprehensive understanding of the actions of these biomaterials as a carrier/adjuvant. Herein, this review focuses on the evolution of biomaterials used for nucleic acid vaccines, discusses the advantages and disadvantages for gene delivery and immunostimulation of variety of structures of the biomaterials, in order to provide new thought on rational design of carrier/adjuvant and better understanding of mechanism of action in both immunostimulatory and delivery methods.