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Class 1 KNOX Gene Expression Supports the Selaginella Rhizophore Concept
Junko Kawai,Yoichi Tanabe,Sumitomo Soma,Motomi Ito 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.4
The spikemoss is marked by the unique rootproducing pleurogeous rhizophore as well as the lycophytic microphyll. Imaichi and Kato (Bot Mag Tokyo 102:369–380, 1989; Am J Bot 78:1694–1703, 1991) revealed that the exogenous developmental process in the rhizophore is clearly distinguishable from the developmental process in the endogenous root, argued that the axial organ could be coordinate with other fundamental organs including the root and stem, and demonstrated the “rhizophore concept.” In this paper, we report on the expression pattern of the spikemoss Selaginella class 1 KNOX gene, SuKNOX1, in the rhizophore. We show that the SuKNOX1 mRNA is specifically accumulated at the tip of the rhizophore as well as the shoot apical apex, but not in the root tip. This result supports the “rhizophore concept” at the molecular level.
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Oral Administration of Phosphorylated Dextran Regulates Immune Response in Ovalbumin-Immunized Mice
Nagasawa, Chiho,Nishimura-Uemura, Junko,Tohno, Masanori,Shimosato, Takeshi,Kawai, Yasushi,Ikegami, Shuji,Oda, Munehiro,Saito, Tadao,Kitazawa, Haruki Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.1
Phosphorylated dextran (P-Dex) is an acidic polysaccharide that functions as an immune adjuvant. P-Dex is known to regulate immune response by maintaining a balance between Th1 and Th2 cells in vitro, and thus may also be important in the control of allergic reactions. In the current study, we report the optimum conditions required for the efficient phosphorylation of dextran without toxicity. We found that when dextran was heated at 160${^{\circ}C}$ for 24 h in phosphate buffer (pH 5.0), the resulting P-Dex demonstrated the highest phosphorus content (6.8%). We also report that P-Dex enhances mitogenic activity in mouse splenocytes and induces expression of CD69 and CD86 on the surface of B cells and dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. Oral administration of P-Dex to ovalubmin (OVA)-immunized mice was found to reduce antigen-induced cell proliferation and suppress the expression of CD86 on Th2-inducing DC via exogenous OVA stimulation. P-Dex was also found to increase IL-10 expression in the splenocytes of treated mice. These findings suggest that oral administration of P-Dex increases immunological tolerance and improves the specificity of immunological response to specific antigens.
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