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디젤 파일럿 압축착화 천연가스엔진의 성능 및 배출가스 특성
이준혁(Junhyuk Lee),표영덕(Youngdug Pyo),권오석(Ohseuk Kwon),이용균(Yonggyun Lee),나평철(Pyungchul Na),류정인(Jeongin Ryu),이영재(Youngjae Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Natural gas has superior characteristics that are low fuel efficiency, low CO₂, low pollution and stabilization. And it is possible to apply to existing diesel engine with some mechanical modification. Diesel pilot compression ignition CNG engine has advantage of power and efficiency as same as diesel engine without high cost of remodeling and it can use advantage of high compression ratio of diesel engine and has low Smoke and NOx. In the present study, an existing diesel engine was remodeled into single cylinder Diesel pilot CNG engine has two fuel suppling system, one is diesel pilot injection in cylinder using existing Electronic Unit Injector(EUI), the other is the way that injected CNG into a intake manifold using instituted supply apparatus. The test results showed that diesel pilot injection timing was decided 13°BTCD and diesel pilot injection fuel flow was decided 0.19 L/h. At that condition, Smoke and CO were reduced and NOx was slightly increased than using diesel fuel.
Polymer Thin Film–Induced Tumor Spheroids Acquire Cancer Stem Cell–like Properties
Choi, Minsuk,Yu, Seung J.,Choi, Yoonjung,Lee, Hak R.,Lee, Eunbeol,Lee, Eunjung,Lee, Yumi,Song, Junhyuk,Son, Jin G.,Lee, Tae G.,Kim, Jin Y.,Kang, Sukmo,Baek, Jieung,Lee, Daeyoup,Im, Sung G.,Jon, Sangyo American Association for Cancer Research 2018 Cancer Research Vol.78 No.24
<P>A new cell culture technology enables highly tumorigenic 3D spheroids to be easily generated from various cancer cell sources in the common laboratory.</P><P><B></B></P><P>Although cancer stem cells (CSC) are thought to be responsible for tumor recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, CSC-related research and drug development have been hampered by the limited supply of diverse, patient-derived CSC. Here, we present a functional polymer thin film (PTF) platform that promotes conversion of cancer cells to highly tumorigenic three-dimensional (3D) spheroids without the use of biochemical or genetic manipulations. Culturing various human cancer cells on the specific PTF, poly(2,4,6,8-tetravinyl-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl cyclotetrasiloxane) (pV4D4), gave rise to numerous multicellular tumor spheroids within 24 hours with high efficiency and reproducibility. Cancer cells in the resulting spheroids showed a significant increase in the expression of CSC-associated genes and acquired increased drug resistance compared with two-dimensional monolayer-cultured controls. These spheroids also exhibited enhanced xenograft tumor-forming ability and metastatic capacity in nude mice. By enabling the generation of tumorigenic spheroids from diverse cancer cells, the surface platform described here harbors the potential to contribute to CSC-related basic research and drug development.</P><P><B>Significance:</B></P><P>A new cell culture technology enables highly tumorigenic 3D spheroids to be easily generated from various cancer cell sources in the common laboratory.</P>
Lee, Jeong-Hwan,Lee, Sunghun,Kim, Jung-Bum,Jang, JunHyuk,Kim, Jang-Joo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.30
<P>A high performance transparent inverted organic light emitting device with a total maximum luminance efficiency of 67 cd A<SUP>−1</SUP> and power efficiency of 67 lm W<SUP>−1</SUP> was realized using 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HATCN) as an organic buffer material. HATCN, a discoid organic molecule, effectively protected the underlying organic emission layers from damage caused by sputter deposition of the indium zinc oxide top electrode, and simultaneously showed good hole injection performance from the transparent top electrode into an organic hole transporting layer. Moreover, transparent inverted OLEDs show an average transmittance of around 81% in the visible range; this value is very close to that of ITO/glass itself.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A high performance transparent inverted organic light emitting device with a total maximum luminance efficiency of 67 cd A<SUP>−1</SUP> and power efficiency of 67 lm W<SUP>−1</SUP> was realized using HATCN as an organic buffer material. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm32438e'> </P>
Fabrication of Nano- and Micro-Scale UV Imprint Stamp Using Diamond-Like Carbon Coating Technology
Lee, Eung-Sug,Jeong, Jun-Ho,Kim, Ki-Don,Sim, Young-Suk,Choi, Dae-Geun,Choi, Junhyuk,Park, Sang-Hu,Lim, Tae-Woo,Yang, Dong-Yol,Cha, Nam-Goo,Park, Jin-Goo,Lee, Wi-Ro American Scientific Publishers 2006 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.6 No.11
<P>Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) diamond-like carbon (DLC) stamps for ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography were fabricated with two methods: namely, a DLC coating process, followed by focused ion beam lithography; and two-photon polymerization patterning, followed by nanoscale-thick DLC coating. We used focused ion beam lithography to fabricate 70 nm deep lines with a width of 100 nm, as well as 70 nm deep lines with a width of 150 nm, on 100 nm thick DLC layers coated on quartz substrates. We also used two-photon polymerization patterning and a DLC coating process to successfully fabricate 200 nm wide lines, as well as 3-D rings with a diameter of 1.35 <I>μ</I>m and a height of 1.97 <I>μ</I>m, and a 3-D cone with a bottom diameter of 2.88 <I>μ</I>m and a height of 1.97 <I>μ</I>m. The wafers were successfully printed on an UV-NIL using the DLC stamps without an anti-adhesive layer. The correlation between the dimensions of the stamp's features and the corresponding imprinted features was excellent.</P>
Light-Responsive, Shape-Switchable Block Copolymer Particles
Lee, Junhyuk,Ku, Kang Hee,Kim, Jinwoo,Lee, Young Jun,Jang, Se Gyu,Kim, Bumjoon J. American Chemical Society 2019 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.141 No.38
<P>A robust strategy is developed for preparing light-responsive block copolymer (BCP) particles in which shape and color can be actively controlled with high spatial and temporal resolution. The key to achieving light-responsive shape transitions of BCP particles is the design and synthesis of surfactants containing light-active groups (i.e., nitrobenzyl esters and coumarin esters) that modulate the amphiphilicity and interfacial activity of the surfactants in response to light of a specific wavelength. These light-induced changes in surfactant structure modify the surface and wetting properties of BCP particles, affording both shape and morphological transitions of the particles, for example from spheres with an onion-like inner morphology to prolate or oblate ellipsoids with axially stacked nanostructures. In particular, wavelength-selective shape transformation of the BCP particles can be achieved with a mixture of two light-active surfactants that respond to different wavelengths of light (i.e., 254 and 420 nm). Through the use of light-emitting, photoresponsive surfactants, light-induced changes in both color and shape are further demonstrated. Finally, to demonstrate the potential of the light-triggered shape control of BCP particles in patterning features with microscale resolution, the shape-switchable BCP particles are successfully integrated into a patterned, free-standing hydrogel film, which can be used as a portable, high-resolution display.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
CRISPR-Cap: multiplexed double-stranded DNA enrichment based on the CRISPR system
Lee, Jeewon,Lim, Hyeonseob,Jang, Hoon,Hwang, Byungjin,Lee, Joon Ho,Cho, Junhyuk,Lee, Ji Hyun,Bang, Duhee Oxford University Press 2019 Nucleic acids research Vol.47 No.d1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Existing methods to enrich target regions of genomic DNA based on PCR, hybridization capture, or molecular inversion probes have various drawbacks, including long experiment times and low throughput and/or enrichment quality. We developed CRISPR-Cap, a simple and scalable CRISPR-based method to enrich target regions of dsDNA, requiring only two short experimental procedures that can be completed within two hours. We used CRISPR-Cap to enrich 10 target genes 355.7-fold on average from <I>Escherichia coli</I> genomic DNA with a maximum on-target ratio of 81% and high enrichment uniformity. We also used CRISPR-Cap to measure gene copy numbers and detect rare alleles with frequencies as low as 1%. Finally, we enriched coding sequence regions of 20 genes from the human genome. We envision that CRISPR-Cap can be used as an alternative to other widely used target-enrichment methods, which will broaden the scope of CRISPR applications to the field of target enrichment field.</P>
Pulse pileup correction method for gamma-ray spectroscopy in high radiation fields
Lee, Minju,Lee, Daehee,Ko, Eunbie,Park, Kyeongjin,Kim, Junhyuk,Ko, Kilyoung,Sharma, Manish,Cho, Gyuseong Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.5
The detector suffers from pulse pileup by overlapping of the signals when it was used in high radiation fields. The pulse pileup deteriorates the energy spectrum and causes count losses due to random co-incidences, which might not resolve within the resolving time of the detection system. In this study, it is aimed to propose a new pulse pileup correction method. The proposed method is to correct the start point of the pileup pulse. The parameters are obtained from the fitted exponential curve using the peak point of the previous pulse and the start point of the pileup pulse. The amplitude at the corrected start point of the pileup pulse can be estimated by the peak time of the pileup pulse. The system is composed of a NaI (Tl) scintillation crystal, a photomultiplier tube, and an oscilloscope. A 61 μCi <sup>137</sup>Cs check-source was placed at a distance of 3 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm, respectively. The gamma energy spectra for the radioisotope of <sup>137</sup>Cs were obtained to verify the proposed method. As a result, the correction of the pulse pileup through the proposed method shows a remarkable improvement of FWHM at 662 keV by 29, 39, and 7%, respectively.