누에의 인공사료(人工飼料) 조성분중(組成分中)의 탄수화물원(炭水化物源)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김주읍 ( Joo Up Kim ) 한국잠사학회 1981 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.23 No.1

누에人工飼科資源으로 適合한 炭水化物源과 澱粉分解酸素의 活性을 調査하기 위하여 8種의 澱粉을 各各 누에人工飼科에 添加하여 調劑한 飼科로 누에를 飼育하면서 主要形質과 蠶體內 組織, 器官의 amylase電氣泳動像을 調査한 結果를 다음과 같이 要約한다. 1. 澱粉種類에 따른 누에의 實用形質은 쌀, 보리 및 조澱粉이 比較的 良好한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 누에의 人工飼科用 澱粉源은 純度를 높이기 위한 處理를 加하지 않아도 無妨할 것으로 생각되며 澱粉의 添加量은 乾物重으로 12~18% 範圍가 適當한 것 같다. 3. amylase의 電氣泳動像은 蠶品種이나 澱粉의 種類에 關係없이 體液에는 3個活性帶, 中腸에는 4個活性帶 絹絲腺에는 2個活性帶가 各各 同一型으로 나타났고 消化液에는 活性帶가 認定되지 않았다. 그리고 澱粉添加量 18% 및 無添加區에서는 體液의 amylase活性帶에 變化가 誘發되었다. In order to investigate a suitable carbohydrate-resources and the activities of starch decomposing enzymes in artificial diet of silkworm, the experiment was undertaken by adding eight kinds of starch in the diet of silkworm. Major characters and zymograms of amylase in body organs were studied by electrophoresis. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Starches of rice, barey and millet were comparatively good for maintaining practical characters of silkworm. 2. It is assumed that no treatments are need to increas purity of starch resources for artificial diet of silkworm. It was found that starch amounts adding to artificial diet are moeerate ranging 12 to 18 percent as dry weight. 3. Regardless of kinds of starch and varieties of silkwormr sametype of electrophoresis zymogram for amylase was resulted as three bands in hemolymph, four bands in intestine and two bands in intestine and two bands in silkgland. There was no band in the digestive juice. In case of 18 percent addition of starch and check plots, no amylose change was investigated in the hemolymph.

누에 인공사료(人工飼料)의 Cellulose원(源) 개발(開發)에 관한 연구(硏究)(1)

김주읍 ( Joo Up Kim ),박광의 ( Kwang E. Park ),성주일 ( Su Il Seong ),유재복 ( Jae Bouk Yoo ) 한국잠사학회 1977 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.19 No.1

누에인공사료의 조성 중 필수적인 cellulose성분을 천연의 자원에서 개발하기 위해 뽕나무가지, 미류나무가지, 리기다소나무와 이태리포프라의 펄프분말, 왕겨, 톱밥, 볏짚 등을 대상으로 실험하였다. 실험결과 뽕나무가지와 리기다소나무펄프가 인공사료의 cellulose대치 가능 자원임이 밝혀졌다. 특히 뽕나무가지의 화학적인 처리방법에 의하여 누에성장발육에 보다 유용한 제품을 얻을 수 있었고, 나아가서 장차 인공사료개발에 cellulose원으로서의 역할을 기대할 수 있게 되었다. On the purpose of exploiting cellulose resourse which is needed for artificial diet of silkworms, mulberry branch, eastern cotton wood branch, pitch pine pulp, poplar pulp, chaff, sawdust and rice straw were examined. Among the matters above mentioned, mulberry branch and pitch pine pulp were found to be replaceable as cellulose component in the artificial diet. By means of some chemical treatments, it is found that one of the extracted cellulose powder from mulberry branches is more useful in the larval growth.

가잠(家蠶)의 인공사료자원(人工飼料資源)과 섭식성(攝食性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김주읍 ( Joo Up Kim ) 한국잠사학회 1981 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 누에의 인공사료를 개선함에 있어서 사료자원을 저렴한 가격으로 손쉽게 취득할 수 있는 방법을 연구하기 위하여 49종의 식물과 5종의 Cellulose원에 대하여 사료자원으로서의 적부를 검정하고 한편으로는 82종의 보존잠품종에 대한 계통별 섭식상황을 조사하고 또한 사육조건에 따른 섭식성의 차이와 잠체내의 효소활성과의 관계에 관하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시한 49종의 식물 중에서 대조구(기본인공사료)보다 모진율, 2령기잠률 및 기잠체중이 더 높은 것은 동부, 오리나무, 결명차, 고구마, 토끼풀, 벚나무, 콩 등이었다. 2. 모진율과 2령기잠률이 우수한 동부, 고구마, 방동산이, 오리나무 결명차, 망초구를 선발하여 전령사육을 행한 결과 대조구에 비하여 최성잠체중과 견중이 무겁고 화통비율도 더 높았으므로 이들 식물은 인공사료자원으로 이용할만한 충분한 가치가 인정되었다. 3. 인공사료조성에 첨가할 Celluloso원은 뽕나무 Cellulose가 잠체중과 견층비율이 높고 감잠비율은 낮으며 과과일수가 짧아서 가장 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. Cellulose조제방법은 NaOH처리법이 가장 간편하고 가공비도 절약되었다. 4. 우리나라 보존잠품종 82종의 인공사료에 대한 섭식성은 잠품종에 따라 차이가 있고 계통간에도 차이가 인정되었는데 대체로 일본종계가 양호한 편이고 중국종계, 구주종계의 순이다. 5. 사료조건이 상이한 경우 즉 인공사료육에서 상엽육으로 또는 상엽육에서 인공사료육으로 전환하는 시기는 다같이 4령초기가 적당한 것으로 생각되며 3령기도 무방할 것 같다. 6. 인공사료육에 적당한 온도범위는 1~3령기는 30℃, 4~5령기는 28℃로 밝혀졌으며 전령 27℃도 거의 비슷한 사육결과를 보여주었다. 7. 잠품사별, 사육온도별 그리고 사료원별로 Esterase 및 Phosphatase의 Agarose gel 전기영동상을 비교해 보면 1) 상엽육과 인공사료육잠아의 중장 Esterase영동상은 잠령기별로 서로 다르고 상엽육잠아에는 인공사료육잠아에 비하여 1~2개의 활성대가 더 많이 나타나고 있다. 2) 인공사료에 대한 섭식성이 양호한 중 15는 섭식성이 불량한 중 60희에 비하여 중장 Esterase활성대가 1~2개 더 많은 경향이 있었다. 3) 사육온도별로 3~4령잠의 중장 Esterase영동상을 비교하면 28℃구는 3,4령 모두 5개 활성대가 인정되었으며 35℃구에서는 3령기에 4개활성대, 4령기에 6~7개의 활성대가 나타났다. 4) 중장 혈액 및 견사선의 Esterase영동상은 각기 상이하다. 즉 중장에는 5개활성대, 혈액에는 1개활성대, 견사선에는 3개 활성대가 인정되며 발육계제에 따라 활성대수에 변화가 있었다. 5) 중장 혈액 및 견사선의 Acid Phosphatase영동상을 보면 중장에는 3령잠에 1개, 4령잠에 2개, 5령잠에는 3개활성대가 인정되었으며 혈액에는 3,4령잠에 각 1개, 5령잠에는 3개 활성대가 인정되었다. 중잠과 혈액의 Acid phosphatase형은 잠품종간이나 사육온도간에 약간의 차이가 있기는 하지만 뚜렷하지는 않았다. 견사선에는 활성대가 나타나지 않았다. Forty-nine plant species as additives to silkworm artificial diet and 5 species as cellulose sources for artificial diet were screened for their economic values as feed-resources for the silkworm. Feeding response to artificial diet was tested on 82 silkworm strains. The effect of rearing conditions on feeding response and enzyme activities in the silkworm was investigated. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Seven species out of 49, Vigna sinensis ENDL, Ipomoea vatatas Lamarck, Cyperus anuricus Var. Laxus, Alnus japonica Stendel, Trifolium repens L, Prunus serrulata Lindley, Var, Glycine max L increased feeding response, compared with the basic formula of artificial diet. 2. The economic values of Vigna sinensis ENDL, Ipomoea vatatas Lamarck, Cyperus anuricus Var. Laxus, Ainus japonica Stendel, Cassia tera L, Erigeron canedensis L as feed-resources for artificiale diet were recognized, through feeding experiment during the entire larval stage. 3. Mulberry cellulose showed the best results in rearing and cocoon characteristics. 4. The extent of feeding response varied according to strains and varieties. Varieties in japanese strains showed higher feeding response than those in chinese and european varieties, with considerable variations among a varieties in strains. 5. The begining of 4th instar seems to be a proper time to convert from mulberry to artificial diet, or artificial diet to mulberry, however the middle of 3rd instar seems acceptable. 6. The optimum temperature for artificial diet rearing is 30℃ during the period of 1st-3rd instar and 28℃ for 4th-5th instar. 7. Electrophoretic isozyme patterns of esterase and acid phosphatase on agarose gel, as affected by strain, rearing temperature and feed-resources, were observed as follow. (1) Isozyme patterns of mid-gut esterase varied, depending on instar. One or two more isozyme bands were observed in the larvae than feed on the mulberry fed for the artificial diet. (2) A strain, chinese-15 with a higher feeding response, had 1∼2 more bands than chinese-60 with a lower feeding response. (3) Five bands of mid-gut esterase in 3rd and 4th instar larvae reared at 28℃. and 4 for 3rd instar and 6∼7 for 4th instar larvae at 35℃ were observed. (4) No similar esterase bands could be found among mid-gut, blood and silkgland. There are five esterase bands in the midgut, one in blood and three in silkgland. (5) There was rather small difference in acid phosphatase types of mid-gut and blood according to varieties and rearing temperature. No active band was shown in silkgland. In midgut, there was one acid phosphatase band at 3rd instar, two at 4th instar and three at 5th instar. In blood, one active band at 3rd or 4th instar and three bands at 5th inster wire detected.

가잠(家蠶)의 인공사료육(人工飼料育)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -유충발육(幼蟲發育)에 따른 Esterase 및 Phosphatase의 전기영동상(電氣泳動像)-

김주읍 ( Joo Up Kim ) 한국잠사학회 1979 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.21 No.1

원종 2품종과 교잡종 7품종을 공시하여 사료와 사육온도를 상이하게 조절하면서 각령기별로 혈액 중장 및 견사선의 Esterase와 Acid Phosphatase의 활성을 Agarose gel 전기영동법에 의해서 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상엽육과 인공사료육잠아의 중장 Esterase영동상은 잠령기별로 서로 다르고 상엽육잠아에는 인공사료육잠아에 비하여 1~2개의 활성대가 더 많이 나타나고 있다. 2. 인공사료에 대한 섭식성이 양호한 중 15는 섭식성이 불량한 중 60희에 비하여 중사 Esterase활성대가 1~2개 더 많은 경향이 있었다. 3. 교잡종의 접잠 및 1~2령잠의 전신마대액의 Esterase영동상은 각각 현저하게 상이하였지만 잠품종간의 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 4. 사육온도별로 3~4령잠의 중장 Esterase영동상을 비교하면 28℃구는 3,4령 모두 5개활성대가 인정되었으며 35℃구에서는 3령기에 4개활성대, 4령기에 6~7개의 활성대가 나타났다. 5. 중장 혈액 및 견사선의 Esterase영동상은 각기 상이하다. 즉 중장에는 5개활성대, 혈액에는 1개활성대, 견사선에는 3개활성대가 인정되며 발육계체에 따라 활성대수에 변화가 있었다. 6. 중장 혈액 및 견사선의 Acid Phosphatase영동상을 보면 중장에는 3영잠에 1개, 4영잠에 2개, 5영잠에는 3개활성대가 인정되었으며 혈액에는 3,4영잠에 각 1개, 5영잠에는 3개활성대가 인정되었다. 중장과 혈액의 Acid phosphatase형은 잠품종이나 사육온도간에 약간의 차이가 있기는 하지만 뚜렷하지는 않았다. 견사선에는 활성대가 전혀 나타나지 않았다. The Electrophoretic separation in agarose gel on the esterase and acid phosphatase of blood, midgut and silk gland was carried out with 2 original variginal varieties and 7 F1 hybrids. 1. The midgut of larvae fed on mulberry leaves showed one or two more esterase bands than that of larvae fed on artificial diet. 2. The midgut of C 15 larvae being excellently respondent to artificial diet showed one or two more esterase bands than that of larvae being bad respondent to artificial diet. 3. Electrophoretic separation of esterase bands appeared to be greatly different among newly hatched larvae, 1st and 2nd install larvae of F1 hybrids. However the difference among the silkworm varieties was not recognized. 4. According to the change in rearing temperature, the number of the active band of midgut esterase was varied. At the temperature of 28℃ 5 active esterase bands were found. At temperature of 35℃ 4 bands were noted at 3rd install and 6 or 7 bands at 4th instar. 5. No similar esterase bands conld be found among midgut, blood and silkgland. There are five esterase bands in the midgut, one in blood and three in silkgland. 6. There was rather small difference in acid phosphatase types of midgut and blood according to varieties and rearing temperature. No active band was shown in silkgland. In midgut, there was one acid phosphatase band at 3rd install, two at 4th instar and three at 5th instar. In blood, One active band at 3rd or 4th instar and three bands at 5th inatar were detected.

VA내생균근(內生菌根)이 뽕나무의 생장(生長)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김중채 ( Joong Chai Kim ),최연홍 ( Yun Hong Choi ),문재유 ( Joo Yu Moon ),김주읍 ( Joo Up Kim ) 한국잠사학회 1984 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.26 No.2

뽕나무에 VA mycorrhizae의 1종인 Glomus mosseae, Mosse and Trappe를 접종하여 소독을 하지 않은 토양에 심어 6월간 재배한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. VA mycorrhizae 접종 뽕나무는 전체 조장은 15%, 조경은 19%, 뽕잎 량은 30%가 더 많았다. 나. VA mycorrhizae접종 뽕나무의 뽕잎 성분은 질소는 12%, 인산은 10%, CaO는 10%가 더 많았고 K2O는 차이가 없었으며 MgO는 20%가 더 많았다. 다. VA mycorrhizae접종 뽕나무 뿌리는 질소는 20%가 더 적었고 인산은 21%가 더 많았다. Mulberry Seedlings germinated and grown under green house conditions were inoculated with Glomus mosseae, Mosse and Trappe (a Kind of Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae) prior to outplanting into unsterilized soil. They were grown on phosphate deficient soil for 6 months after planting. Shoot length, stem diameter and leaf yield of the inoculated plants were found to be significantly greater than uninoculated ones. It was observed in foliar mineral content that the levels of N, P2O5, CaO of the inoculated plants were higher but the level of MgO of the inoculated plants was lower than the uninoculated ones. In the mineral content of roots, it was observed that the level of P2O5 was higher but the level of N was lower significantly in the inoculated plants than the uninoculated ones.

Construction of shuttle vectors expressing the cry11Aa gene and their mosquitocidal activity

Dae-Weon Lee(이대원),Ho-San Kim(김호산),Yeon-Ho Je(제연호),Joo-Up Kim(김주읍),Hyo-Sok Yu(유효석),Seok-Kwon Kang(강석권) 한국농약과학회 1998 농약과학회지 Vol.2 No.1

가잠조성난(家蠶造成卵)의 형광물질(螢光物質)과 유리(遊離)아미노산의 변화(變化)

성수일 ( Soo Il Seong ),박광의 ( Kwang E. Park ),김주읍 ( Joo Up Kim ) 한국잠사학회 1978 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.20 No.1

가잠에 있어서 식도하신경구의 적출이 잠아내의 조성난내의 아미노산 및 자외선형광물질의 변화에 미치는 영향을 Paper Chromatography법에 의해 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 잠아의 조성난내에 존재하는 유리아미노산의 종류나 양이 SG적출구와 대조구사이에 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2) 형광물질인 Riboflavine이 SG적출구인 나방의 조성난내에는 대조구보다 적었다. 3) Rf식 0.06을 나타낸 주홍색의 형광물질은 SG를 적출한 나방의 조성난내에서는 전혀 검출되지 않았으나 대조구에서는 검출되었다. 4) 원점에 나타난 청색의 형광물질은 SG를 적출한 나방의 조성난내에서만 검출되었으나 대조구에서는 검출되지 않았다. This experiment was attempted to investigate the effect of removal of suboesophageal ganglion of Bombyx mori on the changes of free amino acids and fluorescent substances by means of paper chromatography. 1. There are no differences of quantity and component of free amino acids of formed eggs in moths between treatment and control. 2. Riboflavine content of formed eggs in treated moths is less than that of formed eggs in untreated moths. 3. Fluorescent substance which appeared on Rf value 0.06 was not detected in formed eggs of treated moths but found in those of control. 4. Fluorescent substance which appeared on Rf value 0 was noted in formed eggs of treated moths but not in those of control.

天蠶의 飼育技術體系에 關한 硏究 : 飼育環境要因과 繭質을 中心으로

김주읍 한국잠사학회 1994 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.36 No.2

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the reasonable rearing technique of Japanese oak silkworm under the different rearing condition as environment, feeding materials and rearing methods. The results are summerized as follows. The optimum temperature for the indoor rearing of Japanese oak silkworm was 25 ~ 26°C a in young silkworm and 22~23°C in grown silkworm, and generally in the condition of variable day/night temperature the growth of silkworm was faster than in that of constant temperature. The optimum relative humidity for it's growth was 80~90% at young silkworm stage and 60~ 70% at grown silkworm stage. The photoperiod was not affected to the growth of Japanese oak silkworm. The earlier blushing, the shorter the young silkworm stage, and the cocoon quality improved compared to the later brushing time. As a feeding material soak (Auercus acutssima Crruthers) leaves were better than those of chestnut tree (Castanea Crenata Siebold & Zuccarini) and feeding value of cultivated oak tree leaves was better than that of natural oak tree leaves. The moving time when revealed the better cocoon production of Japanese oak silkworm from indoor condition to outdoor was 15 days after hatched. and the cocoon production was decreased by the earlier moving to outdoor.

天蠶의 卵 용 및 蟻의 冷藏이 産卵과 孵化에 미치는 影響

金周읍 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 1995 農業科學硏究 Vol.12 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of environments on yield components, fatty acid composition and leaf blight caused by Corynespora cassicola in sesame. Comparing yield components with different experimental locations, weight of 1,000 grains and maturation rate of grains were lower in Boeun area than that in other areas and there were no significantly different among soil textures. The repeated cultivation of sesame, 2-6 years, increased the occurrence rate of Corynespora leaf blight and fungi density of soil more than that with cultivation of first year and crop rotation. Yield and yield components were also decreased more with the repeated cultivation than that with first year cultivation. In fatty acids of sesame seeds, concentration of oleic acid was slightly high with sesame seeds harvested in Jungweon and Boeun areas, while linoleic acid was slightly high in Jecheon area located on the northern part of Chungbuk province. Concentration of palmitic and stearic acids which are saturated fatty acids were high in loam soil, while linoleic acid which is unsaturated fatty acids was no different among soil texture. Concentration of oleic acid was decreased more in the repeated cultivation of first year cultivation. Oil content was high in Jungweon area and with loam soil, and it was decreased through the repeated cultivation of sesame.

누에人工飼料의 飼料效率增進에 關한 硏究

김주읍 한국잠사학회 1986 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Silkworm(Bomsix mori) were reared with modified artificial diets which were mixed with, as additives, leaf powders of Erigeron canadensis L., Cassia tora L., Cyperus anuricus Var. Laxus and Vigna Sinensis NEDL. The effects of additives on silkworm characteristics such as haemolymph, intestine, silkgland and electrophoretic zymogram and chemical characteristisc of tested plants were summarized as follows. 1. About 2∼5% addition on dry weight base of leaf powders of E. canadensis, C. tora, C. anuricus or V. sinensis to the basic artificial diet promoted feeding response and digestion and resulted in good practical silworm characteristics. The addition of V. sinensis and C. anuricus showed especially good effects. 2. The synergistic effect between different plant species was not recognized based on the feeding response and digestion of silkworm reared with various combinations of 2~4 different plant additives. 3. Electrophoretic zymograms of estrase, protease and phosphatase on haemolymph, intestine and silkgland were significantly different among treatments. In general, 1 or 2 more electrophoretic bands were detected when feeding response and digestion were promoted. 4. Contents of starch, crude fat, crude protein and inorganic base were apparently higher in the tested plants than in mulberry leaves. However, no volatile ingredent which is directly realted with feeding response was identified.