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전산화 인지재활(RehaCom)이 정신분열증 환자의 인지기능에 미치는 효과
송예원 ( Ye Won Song ),송아영 ( A Young Song ),강수진 ( Su Jin Kang ),송지연 ( Ji Yeon Song ),최희선 ( Hu Seon Choi ),전병진 ( Byeong Jin Jeong ) 대한인지재활학회 2015 대한인지재활학회지 Vol.4 No.1
Objective: This study tried to identify the effects of computerized cognitive rehabilitation(RehaCom) through Computerized neurocognitive function test(CNT) to schizophrenic patients by conducting computerized cognitive rehabilitation(RehaCom) and to suggest the basis for cognitive rehabilitation in occupational therapy intervention of schizophrenic patients. Methods: Study subject were targeting 20 schizophrenic patients and each 10 patients were randomly allocated in experiment group and control group. Experiment period was from 2011 July 20 to September 9. Cognitive function base lines in two groups before the experiment were measured by CNT and interventions using computerized cognitive rehabilitation were conducted total of 6 times for 3 weeks, 2 times a week in experiment group, and control group participated just in the programs executed in welfare facilities. After all interventions, cognitive function improvement levels in each group were measured. In order to test average differences between two groups, independent sample t-test was conducted and to test the average differences before and after the experiment, paired t-test was conducted and subsequently, the effects of intervention on cognitive function were tested. Result: In experiment group, short-term memory(Digit span test) and executive function(card sorting test) after computerized cognitive rehabilitation showed statistically significant improvement and attention concentration ability was not statistically significant. (p<.05). Conclusion: Computerized cognitive rehabilitation was identified to be effective to schizophrenic patients in the improvement of short-term memory and executive function and therefore, computerized cognitive rehabilitation is considered to be required in future psychosocial occupational therapy.
Acute oral toxicity of Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév leaf extracts in ICR mice
Chang-Soo Cho(Chang-Soo Cho),Jiyong Park(Jiyong Park),Jun-Ho Song(Jun-Ho Song),Yeung Bea Jin(Yeung Bea Jin),Kwang Il Park(Kwang Il Park),Woo Hyun Kim(Woo Hyun Kim),Suk Kim(Suk Kim),Hu-Jang Lee(Hu-Jang 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.1
In this study, the acute toxicity of Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév leaf hot-water extracts (DMWE) was examined in male and female ICR mice. Mice were orally administered the DMWE at dose levels of 0, 250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for single-dose toxicity test. There were no significant differences in change of BW between control and all DMWE treated-groups. In hematological and blood biochemical analysis, none of the parameters were affected by the DMWE. Similarly, there were no significant effects on markers for liver and kidney functions in all DMWE treated-groups. Since there were no adverse effects of the DMWE in single oral toxicity tests, even at the highest doses, it was concluded that the lethal dose 50 (LD50) of DMWE is estimated at > 2,000 mg/kg BW.
Subacute oral toxicity of Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév leaf extracts in Sprague-Dawley rats
Jiyong Park(Jiyong Park),Chang-Soo Cho(Chang-Soo Cho),Jun-Ho Song(Jun-Ho Song),Kwang Il Park(Kwang Il Park),Yeung Bae Jin(Yeung Bae Jin),Woo Hyun Kim(Woo Hyun Kim),Suk Kim(Suk Kim),Hu-Jang Lee(Hu-Jang 한국예방수의학회 2023 예방수의학회지 Vol.47 No.1
This study examined the subacute oral toxicity of Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév leaves hot-water extracts (DMWE) using male and female Spargue-Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered the DMWE at dose levels of 0, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) for four weeks. For experimental period, clinical signs and the number of deaths were examined, and feed intake and BW of all experimental animals were measured once a week for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from all rats, and all animals were euthanized and autopsies were performed to collect major organs. No dead animals were found during the experimental period. In addition, no differences were found between control and DMWE-treated groups in feed intakes, BW changes, organ weights, clinical signs, hematological parameters, and serum biochemical parameters. The results of this study provided evidence that oral administration of DMWE at the dose of 2,000 mg/kg BW is safe in rats and may not exert severe toxic effects.
Song-Lin Hu,Jin-Liang Liu,Zhao-Ping Du 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2011 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.9 No.6
This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem of discrete-time networked control systems with partly known transmission delay. Considering the random property of the networked-induced delay, the original system is transformed into a new delay model with stochastic parameter matrices by introducing a novel state augmentation technique. Based on the new model, a new delay-distribution-dependent criterion for the mean square stability of the closed-loop system is derived by using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional approach and linear matrix inequality technique. The solvability of the derived criterion depends on not only the size of the delay, but also the probability distribution of the delay taking value in a finite set. Finally, two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Bioinspired Synthesis of Chiral 3,4-Dihydropyranones via S-to-O Acyl-Transfer Reactions
Jin, Hui,Lee, Juyeol,Shi, Hu,Lee, Jin Yong,Yoo, Eun Jeong,Song, Choong Eui,Ryu, Do Hyun American Chemical Society 2018 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.20 No.6
<P>A bioinspired synthesis of chiral 3,4-dihydropyranones via S-to-O acyl-transfer reactions is described. Asymmetric Michael addition-lactonization reactions of β,γ-unsaturated α-keto esters with thioesters are catalyzed by proline-derived urea, providing 3,4-dihydropyranones and spiro-3,4-dihydrocoumarin-fused 3′,4′-dihydropyranones in high yield (up to 94%) with excellent stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, 99% <I>ee</I>) under catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol %.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Hu, Yanfeng,Kim, Hyoung-Il,Hyung, Woo Jin,Song, Ki Jun,Lee, Joong Ho,Kim, Yoo Min,Noh, Sung Hoon by Lippincott Williams Wilkins. 2013 Annals of surgery Vol.258 No.6
OBJECTIVE:: To identify risk factors for postgastrectomy vitamin B12 deficiency and the time course of its development. BACKGROUND:: Postgastrectomy vitamin B12 deficiency worsens the quality of life of gastric cancer survivors, and vitamin B12–related neuropathy is irreversible if recognized late. However, the clinical pattern of vitamin B12 deficiency development after gastrectomy remains unclear. METHODS:: We reviewed 645 patients with gastric cancer who underwent distal subtotal gastrectomy (DG; n = 469) or total gastrectomy (TG, n = 176) between 2003 and 2010. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for vitamin B12 deficiency and time to deficiency. RESULTS:: Cumulative vitamin B12 deficiency rates were 100% for TG and 15.7% for DG 4 years after surgery (P < 0.001). The median time to vitamin B12 deficiency was 15 months after TG, whereas the median time was not reached after DG. Preoperative vitamin B12 level was the only risk factor for vitamin B12 deficiency after TG, whereas both preoperative vitamin B12 level and age were risk factors after DG. There was positive linear correlation between preoperative vitamin B12 levels and the time to vitamin B12 deficiency after either TG (P < 0.001) or DG (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS:: Vitamin B12 deficiency is an inevitable and rather early metabolic sequela after TG. Elderly patients with low preoperative vitamin B12 levels are more likely to experience vitamin B12 deficiency after DG. Thus, preoperative measurement and regular postoperative monitoring of vitamin B12 levels are necessary for early detection and treatment of postgastrectomy vitamin B12 deficiency.
Female-to-Male Proportions of the Head and Face in Koreans
Song, Wu-Chul,Kim, Jung-Il,Kim, Soon-Heum,Shin, Dong-Hyeok,Hu, Kyung-Seok,Kim, Hee-Jin,Lee, Jeong-Yong,Koh, Ki-Seok Mutaz B. Habal, MD 2009 JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY - Vol.20 No.2
It is well known that the head and face are smaller in female subjects than in male subjects. However, almost all previous studies have quantified the size difference between female and male subjects as simple numerical values, which might not clarify the difference. The present study evaluated the female-to-male proportions of the head and face so as to clarify the sex-related differences. A total of 1939 female subjects and 1398 male subjects were divided into 3 age groups: young (20-39 y), middle-aged (40-59 y), and elderly (60-79 y). The dimensions were classified into 3 categories: 5 cephalic, 3 frontal facial, and 6 lateral facial. The female-to-male proportions of individual dimensions were compared in the 3 age groups using the following formula: female measurement value × 100/(mean of male measurement value). The female-to-male proportions of the cephalic dimension increased with age, with the female cephalic dimensions overall being about 96% of the male cephalic dimensions. The female-to-male proportions of the frontal facial dimension were constant across the age groups, with the female frontal facial dimensions overall being 95% of the male frontal facial dimensions. The female lateral facial dimension increased markedly from the young to middle-aged group and was constant or decreased slightly from the middle-aged to the elderly group. Overall, the female lateral facial dimensions were approximately 97% of the male lateral facial dimensions. The present study will suggest a new approach to elucidate those sex-related dimensional differences that are characteristic of female and male subjects.
Jin Yuqin,Li Jialing,Ding Liang,Zhao Qing,Song Yuxian,Li Guifeng,Ji Jun,Ni Yanhong,Hu Qingang 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2022 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.18 No.1
Background Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis. When periodontitis occurs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are overproduced and cannot be balanced by the antioxidant defense system, resulting in tissue damage. Madecassic acid (MA), an abundant triterpenoid in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, has been used as a wound healing, antiinflammatory, and anticancer agent. Moreover, recent studies have shown that MA has an antioxidative effect, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Objective Here, we established an effective oxidative stress model induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in human periodontal ligament fi broblasts (hPDLFs) to investigate the antioxidant and protective effects of MA against cell damage and its underlying mechanism of action. Results Pretreatment with MA inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell invasion and migration against oxidative injury induced by H 2 O 2 . In addition, MA was able to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) under oxidative stress. Notably, we found that MA restored redox balance by reducing intracellular ROS production. Furthermore, we investigated apoptosis-related proteins and found that the levels of anti-apoptosis markers Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 were remarkably upregulated, whereas that of the pro-apoptotic marker Bax was strikingly downregulated. Conclusions Collectively, these findings suggest that MA inhibits H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of hPDLFs by reducing intracellular ROS production to maintain ΔΨm stability.
Location of the Infraorbital and Mental Foramen with Reference to the Soft-Tissue Landmarks
Song, Wu-Chul,Kim, Sun-Heum,Paik, Doo-Jin,Han, Seung-Ho,Hu, Kyung-Seok,Kim, Hee-Jin,Koh, Ki-Seok American Society of Plastic Surgeons 2007 Plastic and reconstructive surgery Vol.120 No.5
BACKGROUND:: The purpose of the present study was to determine the locations of the infraorbital foramen and mental foramen based on soft-tissue landmarks to facilitate prediction of the locations of these structures during facial surgery. METHODS:: Fifty embalmed cadavers (100 sides) of Koreans were dissected to expose the infraorbital foramen and mental foramen. The distances between the bilateral infraorbital foramina and between the mental foramina and the distances between the alae of the nose and between the corners of the mouth (cheilions) were measured directly on the cadavers, and the vertical and horizontal distances between the infraorbital foramen and mental foramen and the ala of the nose and cheilions, respectively, were measured indirectly on photographs. RESULTS:: The distance between the bilateral infraorbital foramina (54.9 ± 3.4 mm) was greater than that between the bilateral mental foramina (47.2 ± 5.5 mm). The infraorbital foramen was located 1.6 ± 2.7 mm lateral and 14.1 ± 2.8 mm superior to the ala of the nose. The distance between the ala of the nose and the infraorbital foramen was 15.9 ± 2.8 mm, and the horizontal angle between these structures was 64.1 ± 9.9 degrees laterosuperiorly. The mental foramen was located 20.4 ± 3.9 mm inferior and 3.3 ± 2.9 mm medial to the cheilions. The distance between the cheilions and mental foramen was 20.9 ± 3.8 mm, and the vertical angle between these structures was 9.2 ± 8.1 degrees inferomedially. CONCLUSIONS:: This study provides data that will be useful in predicting the locations of the infraorbital foramen and mental foramen when used together with hard-tissue landmarks. These data may be particularly helpful for facial surgery in patients with missing teeth.