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Pae, Seong Ryul,Byun, Segi,Kim, Jekyung,Kim, Minkyu,Gereige, Issam,Shin, Byungha American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.1
<P>Recently, the trend in inverted hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) has been to utilize NiO<I><SUB>x</SUB></I> as hole transport layers. However, the majority of reported solution-processed NiO<I><SUB>x</SUB></I> films require a high-temperature thermal annealing process, which is unfavorable for large-scale manufacturing and suffers from lack of uniformity. We report, for the first time, e-beam evaporation as a low-temperature vacuum process for the deposition of NiO<I><SUB>x</SUB></I> hole transport layers for PVSCs. Device characterization shows that efficiency is on par with solution-processed methods, the highest efficiency at 15.4% with no obvious hysteresis. Differences are found to be due to the presence of more Ni<SUP>3+</SUP> in e-beam evaporated NiO<I><SUB>x</SUB></I>, which are responsible for a lower transmittance but higher conductivity. Most importantly, e-beam-evaporated NiO<I><SUB>x</SUB></I>-based PVSCs show greater uniformity and reproducibility compared to spin-coated NiO<I><SUB>x</SUB></I>-based PVSCs. Finally, e-beam-evaporated NiO<I><SUB>x</SUB></I> has the additional advantage of being produced by a low-temperature deposition process and applicable over large areas. This work, therefore, represents a significant step toward large-area PVSCs, where e-beam evaporation can be used for the low-temperature uniform deposition of charge-transport layers, such as NiO<I><SUB>x</SUB></I>.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Jeong, Giuk,Kim, Jekyung,Gunawan, Oki,Pae, Seong Ryul,Kim, Soo Hyun,Song, Jae Yong,Lee, Yun Seog,Shin, Byungha ELSEVIER SCIENCE 2017 Journal of Alloys and Compounds Vol.722 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Single-phase SnSe thin films were prepared via thermal co-evaporation using a Se thermal cracker. By carefully tuning the stoichiometry of the SnSe, we found that the composition range of single phase SnSe is very narrow, a Se/Sn ratio of 0.95–0.99; outside of this range secondary phases (metallic Sn or SnSe<SUB>2</SUB>) formed. Electrical properties were found to be very sensitive to even small changes in the stoichiometry. Three orders of magnitude difference in the carrier concentration was observed within the stoichiometry range for single-phase SnSe, which can be explained by changes in the shallow level defect density. To further control carrier concentration, we introduced In and Sb as counter-dopants into the SnSe thin films and found that they were deep level donors with the ionization fraction of ∼10<SUP>−4</SUP>. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of SnSe thin films as an absorber layer in photovoltaic applications. Our study demonstrates the importance of fine-tuning stoichiometry of SnSe to achieve desired electrical properties.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Single phase SnSe thin films are fabricated via thermal co-evaporation method. </LI> <LI> The range of the Se/Sn ratio for single phase SnSe is 0.95–0.99. </LI> <LI> Also, carrier concentration of films varied dramatically (10<SUP>15</SUP>–10<SUP>17</SUP> cm<SUP>−3</SUP>). </LI> <LI> Sb or In were found to work as counter-dopants to p-type SnSe. </LI> <LI> Working photovoltaic device based on SnSe thin films was reported. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Early rehabilitation treatment helpful in a case of pectus excavatum of a dog
장동우,안미영,성제경,Chang, Dongwoo,Ahn, Miyoung,Seong, Jekyung The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2001 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.41 No.3
2001년 2월 23일 연세대학교 의과대학 실험동물부에 6주령의 코커스파니엘이 운동실조를 주증으로 의뢰되었다. 늑골은 흉곽의 양측에서 흉골의 내측을 향하여 안쪽으로 휘어져 있었으며 양측 후지의 관절이 내번되어 있었다. 이를 기초로 누두흉으로 진단하였다. 환축은 호흡곤란, 배뇨곤란 등의 증상을 나타내지 않았으며, 심잡음과 기타 신경증상도 관찰되지 않았다. 재활치료로는 하루에 2-3회 양측 후지를 당겨주는 처지와 양손을 이용하여 늑연골을 위로 밀어주는 처치를 실시하였다. 치료실시 한달 후, 환축은 보행이 가능하였다. 이 후 치료를 지속하여 흉곽이 다소 둥근형태를 유지하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 초기의 재활치료를 통하여 개의 누두흉이 발생 초기에 비하여 개선됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. A 6-week-old female cocker spaniel, with a history of abasia astasia, was referred to the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Medical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine on February 23, 2000. The ribs inclined downwards with a sharp slope on both lateral sides of the thorax. The animal was diagnosed as pectus excavatum. She showed no signs of dyspnea, dyschezia, or dysuria. There was no heart murmur or sign of neural disease. For rehabilitation treatment, she was given physical exercise therapy 2 to 3 times a day by bending and stretching each articulation of the hind limbs and pressing the costochondral junction in and upward with both hands placed on each lateral side. After a month of therapy, she was able to stand up and walk. The therapy continued and resulted in the slight reformation of a round thoracic wall. The flattened rib cartilages grew more round by palpation and the thoracic cavity distended. Rehabilitation therapy yielded good results, enabling the subject to walk and run normally, as the thoracic cavity was distended by the rounded rib junction.