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Jumping on water: Surface tension–dominated jumping of water striders and robotic insects
Koh, Je-Sung,Yang, Eunjin,Jung, Gwang-Pil,Jung, Sun-Pill,Son, Jae Hak,Lee, Sang-Im,Jablonski, Piotr G.,Wood, Robert J.,Kim, Ho-Young,Cho, Kyu-Jin American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2015 Science Vol.349 No.6247
<P>Jumping on water is a unique locomotion mode found in semi-aquatic arthropods, such as water striders. To reproduce this feat in a surface tension-dominant jumping robot, we elucidated the hydrodynamics involved and applied them to develop a bio-inspired impulsive mechanism that maximizes momentum transfer to water. We found that water striders rotate the curved tips of their legs inward at a relatively low descending velocity with a force just below that required to break the water surface (144 millinewtons/meter). We built a 68-milligram at-scale jumping robotic insect and verified that it jumps on water with maximum momentum transfer. The results suggest an understanding of the hydrodynamic phenomena used by semi-aquatic arthropods during water jumping and prescribe a method for reproducing these capabilities in artificial systems.</P>
Omega-Shaped Inchworm-Inspired Crawling Robot With Large-Index-and-Pitch (LIP) SMA Spring Actuators
Je-Sung Koh,Kyu-Jin Cho IEEE 2013 IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics Vol.18 No.2
<P>This paper proposes three design concepts for developing a crawling robot inspired by an inchworm, called the Omegabot. First, for locomotion, the robot strides by bending its body into an omega shape; anisotropic friction pads enable the robot to move forward using this simple motion. Second, the robot body is made of a single part but has two four-bar mechanisms and one spherical six-bar mechanism; the mechanisms are 2-D patterned into a single piece of composite and folded to become a robot body that weighs less than 1 g and that can crawl and steer. This design does not require the assembly of various mechanisms of the body structure, thereby simplifying the fabrication process. Third, a new concept for using a shape-memory alloy (SMA) coil-spring actuator is proposed; the coil spring is designed to have a large spring index and to work over a large pitch-angle range. This large-index-and-pitch SMA spring actuator cools faster and requires less energy, without compromising the amount of force and displacement that it can produce. Therefore, the frequency and the efficiency of the actuator are improved. A prototype was used to demonstrate that the inchworm-inspired, novel, small-scale, lightweight robot manufactured on a single piece of composite can crawl and steer.</P>
CJ-50001 (recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) 의 흰주와 개에서의 약물동태학적 연구
김성남(Sung Nam Kim),신재규(Jae Kyu Shin),이수정(Soo Jung Lee),정용환(Yong Hwan Jung),하석훈(Suk Hoon Ha),김기완(Ki Wan Kim),고형곤(Hyung Kon Koh),김제학(Je Hak Kim) 한국응용약물학회 1998 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.6 No.4
The pharmacokinetics of CJ-50001 (recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, developed by R&D center of Cheil Jedang Corp.) were investigated in rats and dogs. The serum concentrations of CJ-50001 were measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. After single intravenous (iv) administration of CJ-50001 to rats at a dose of 5 ㎍/kg, the mean terminal half-life and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were 0.96 h and 124.49 ㎍·/ml, respectively. After single subcutaneous (sc) administration at the same dose, maximum serum concentration was observed at about 2 hours after administration, and the mean terminal half-life, AUC and the bioavailability were 1.11 h, 63.58 ㎍·h/ml and 51.07%, respectively. In repeated dosing studies, CJ-50001 was administered iv and sc to rats at a daily dose of 5 ㎍/kg for 7 days. The pharmacokinetic parameters, such as mean AUC and terminal half-life, were not significantly different from those of single administration. Following single iv and sc administration of CJ50001 to dogs at a dose of 5 ㎍/kg, mean AUCs were much higher than those of rats, due to the decreased clearence (CL). After sc administration to dogs, maximum serum concentration was observed at 2∼4 hours after administration and the bioavailability was 54.60%.
Effects of the Nanometer-sized Bismuth Oxide Coating on Shadow Mask
Kim, Sang-Mun,Koh, Nam-Je The Korean Infomation Display Society 2005 Journal of information display Vol.6 No.4
Nanometer-sized bismuth oxide with a diameter of about 80 nm was used as a new electron reflection material in a 29" Real Flat CPT. This bismuth oxide was well dispersed over pH8 in slurry. Spray coating was performed clearly and uniformly and was ensured that there was no clogging of shadow mask hole. Coating thickness was expressed to the brightness of chromaticity for the sprayed layer and was also well controlled during the spraying process. Doming was improved by about 10% in spite of the similar coating weight in comparison with the average 3.5 ${\mu}m$ of the conventional bismuth oxide.
Silver nanoparticles induce apoptotic cell death in cultured cerebral cortical neurons
Kim, Sung-Hwan,Ko, Je-Won,Koh, Suk-Kyu,Lee, In-Chul,Son, Jung-Mo,Moon, Changjong,Kim, Sung-Ho,Shin, Dong-Ho,Kim, Jong-Choon 대한독성유전단백체학회 2014 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.10 No.2
Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) have been widely produced and exploited in diverse products, primarily because of their antimicrobial properties. The present study investigated the induction of apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in cultured cortical neurons in response to SNP exposure. In order to assess the toxicity of SNPs, the cultured cortical neurons were exposed to 0.4, 2, and $10{\mu}g/mL$ of SNPs for 6, 12, and 24 h. Lactate dehydrogenase released from damaged cells was quantified and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. Apoptosis induced by SNPs was analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), a DNA ladder assay and Western blot analysis. SNPs inhibited the viability of cerebral cortical neurons in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Levels of ROS increased significantly at 12 and 24 h after treatment. TUNEL showed that compared with controls, numerous apoptotic cells appeared in the treated cultures at 12 and 24 h after treatment. DNA fragmentation in SNP-exposed cells suggested apoptosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that cleaved caspase-3 protein expression increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. These results suggest that SNPs cause cytotoxicity and neuronal apoptosis through increasing intracellular ROS production in cultured cortical neurons.