Farmers behaviors toward pesticides use: insight from a field study in Oriental Morocco

Jamal Benaboud,Mostafa Elachour,Jamal Oujidi,Abdelhafid Chafi 환경독성보건학회 2021 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.36 No.1

Pesticides are a vital component of modern agriculture. So, these chemical compounds could play a crucial role in maintaining high agricultural productivity. However, high-input intensive agricultural production systems in which more effective and widespread use of pesticides could harm human health and the environment. As we know, most of the farmers in developing countries used pesticides without taking the necessary precautions. The present study aims to assess farmers knowledge and understand the pattern of use of pesticides in Oriental Morocco. We based our approach on a standardized questionnaire with 140 farmers to evaluate their knowledge, attitude, and awareness about the pictograms used on pesticide labels. The results show that the farmer had a low level of education; only 14% were in university. More than 65% overuse pesticides and 60% did not respect the pre-harvest interval. Many farmers did not know the standard pictograms used on pesticide labels, 90% acknowledged only the crossbones and the fire sign, and 33% gave false interpretation or misunderstood these pictograms. These results show that the farmers in Eastern Morocco seem to be ignorant of pesticide danger and lack of safety education. They have no idea how to deal with the pictogram on the pesticide label. Pesticide safety education is necessary to induce protective behavior among farmers and prevent the residue of pesticides in foodstuff. The comprehension of pictograms on pesticide labels is crucial to reduce the risk of poisoning.

Heterogeneous Responses to China and Oil Shocks: the G7 Stock Markets

( Jamal Bouoiyour ),( Refk Selmi ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2018 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.33 No.3

Given its size and integration with the global economy, Chinese economic downturn could have momentous spillovers to the rest of the world and result in a decline in oil prices. This article investigates whether the Chinese economic slowdown and the oil prices affect the G7 stock market. We use a Quantile-on-Quantile regression approach to capture the correlation structure between the G7 stock returns and oil price returns under different G7 market conditions with considering nuances of oil price movements and Chinese slowdown. Data are employed over the period of January 1999 ~ December 2015. Our results show that the responses of G7 stock returns to China and oil shocks are likely to be asymmetric, nonlinear and country-specific. The stock market returns of Germany, Italy and Canada appear the most vulnerable to these shocks. Our results suggest that international investors consider the states of stock market returns and oil price alongside with the interaction effect between China’s economic slowdown and oil market.

IRG1 induced by heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide inhibits LPS-mediated sepsis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production

Jamal Uddin, M.,Joe, Y.,Kim, S. K.,Oh Jeong, S.,Ryter, S. W.,Pae, H. O.,Chung, H. T. Nature 2016 CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY Vol.13 No.2

<P>The immunoresponsive gene 1 (IRG1) protein has crucial functions in embryonic implantation and neurodegeneration. IRG1 promotes endotoxin tolerance by increasing A20 expression in macrophages through reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytoprotective protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which generates endogenous carbon monoxide (CO), is expressed in the lung during Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance and cross tolerance. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms and functional links between IRG1 and HO-1 in the innate immune system remain unknown. In the present study, we found that the CO releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) and chemical inducers of HO-1 increased IRG1 expression in a time-and dose-dependent fashion in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of HO-1 activity by zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) and HO-1 siRNA significantly reduced expression of IRG1 under these conditions. In addition, treatment with CO and HO-1 induction significantly increased A20 expression, which was reversed by ZnPP and HO-1 siRNA. LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha was significantly decreased, whereas IRG1 and A20 were increased by CORM-2 application and HO-1 induction, which in turn were abrogated by ZnPP. Interestingly, siRNA against IRG1 and A20 reversed the effects of CO and HO-1 on LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production. Additionally, CO and HO-1 inducers significantly increased IRG1 and A20 expression and downregulated TNF-alpha production in a LPS-stimulated sepsis mice model. Furthermore, the effects of CO and HO-1 on TNF-alpha production were significantly reversed when ZnPP was administered. In conclusion, CO and HO-1 induction regulates IRG1 and A20 expression, leading to inhibition of inflammation in vitro and in an in vivo mice model.</P>

Effect of Sulphur and Nitrogen Application on Growth Characteristics, Seed and Oil Yields of Soybean Cultivars

Jamal Arshad,Fazli Inayat Saleem,Ahmad Saif,Abdin Malik Zainul,Yun Song Joong The Korean Society of Crop Science 2005 Korean journal of crop science Vol.50 No.5

A field experiment was conducted to assess the growth characteristics, seed and oil yield of two cultivars of soybean (G max (L.) Merr.) cv. PK-416 ($V_1$) and cv. PK-1024 ($V_2$) in relation to sulphur and nitrogen nutrition. Six combinations ($T_1-T_6$) of two levels of sulphur (0 and 40 kg $ha^{-1}$) and two levels of nitrogen (23.5 and 43.5 kg $ha^{-1}$) were applied to the two soybean cultivars as nutrients. Results indicated significant effect of sulphur and nitrogen, when applied together, on the growth characteristics, yield components, and seed and oil yield. Maximum response was observed with treatment $T_6$ (having 40 kg S and 43.5 kg N $ha^{-1}$). Seed and Oil yields were increased 90 and $102\%$ in $V_1$> and 104 and $123\%$ in $V_2$, respectively as compared to the control i.e. $T_1$ (having 0 kg S and 23.5 kg N $ha^{-1}$). Positive responses of S and N interaction on leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate and biomass production were also observed. The results obtained in these experiments clearly suggest that balanced and judicious application of nitrogen and sulphur can improve both seed and oil yield of soybean cultivars by enhancing their growth.

Test-Retest Reliability of Level-Specific CE-Chirp Auditory Brainstem Response in Normal-Hearing Adults

Jamal Fatin Nabilah,Arafat Dzulkarnain Ahmad Aidil,Shahrudin Fatin Amira,Marzuki Muhammad Nasrullah 대한청각학회 2021 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.25 No.1

Background and Objectives: There is growing interest in the use of the Level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp^® stimulus in auditory brainstem response (ABR) due to its ability to produce prominent ABR waves with robust amplitudes. There are no known studies that investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus. The present study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability of the ABR to the LS CE-Chirp^® stimulus and compare its reliability with the ABR to standard click stimulus at multiple intensity levels in normal-hearing adults.Subjects and Methods: Eleven normal-hearing adults participated. The ABR test was repeated twice in the same clinical session and conducted again in another session. The ABR was acquired using both the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli at 4 presentation levels (80, 60, 40, and 20 dBnHL). Only the right ear was tested using the ipsilateral electrode montage. The reliability of the ABR findings (amplitudes and latencies) to the click and LS CE-Chirp^® stimuli within the same clinical session and between the two clinical sessions was calculated using an intra-class correlation coefficient analysis (ICC).Results: The results showed a significant correlation of the ABR findings (amplitude and latencies) to both stimuli within the same session and between the clinical sessions. The ICC values ranged from moderate to excellent. Conclusions: The ABR results from both the LS CE-Chirp^® and click stimuli were consistent and reliable over the two clinical sessions suggesting that both stimuli can be used for neurological diagnoses with the same reliability.

HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND CHILDREN TIME ALLOCATION IN RURAL MOROCCO

JAMAL BOUOIYOUR,AMAL MIFTAH 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2014 Journal of Economic Development Vol.39 No.2

This paper examines the impact of remittances on child labor and education in recipient Moroccan households. Based on propensity-score matching methods, we find a positive effect of remittances on the investment in education. Furthermore, living in migrant households who combine school with work is clearly lower compared to the number of children from households of the control group. Our results show the positive effect of remittances on the schooling of the poor children. It also seems that the partial participation of poor children in work declines significantly through migrant remittances.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Application on Nitrate Reductase and ATP-sulphurylase Activities in Soybean

Jamal Arshad,Fazli Inayat Saleem,Ahmad Saif,Abdin Malik Zainul,Yun Song-Joong The Korean Society of Crop Science 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.4

A number of field experiments were conducted to assess the role of combined application of nitrogen and sulfur to increase the seed and oil yield of nonnodulating soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) cv. PK-416 $(V_1)$ and cv. PK-1024 $(V_2)$. Six combinations of N and S in three replicates each were used for this purpose i.e. $0\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_1);\;0\;S+23.5+20kg\;N \;ha^{-1}(T_2);\;40\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_3);\;40\;S+23.5+20kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_4);\;20+20\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_5);\;20+20\;S+23.5+20kg\;N\;ha^l(T_6)$. Nitrate reductase (NR) and ATP-sulphurylase activities in the leaves were measured at various growth stages as the two enzymes catalyze the rate limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these enzymes were strongly correlated with seed yield. The higher seed, oil and protein yields were achieved with the treatment $T_6$ in both the cultivars due to optimization of NR activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity, as these parameters were influenced by N and S assimilation. Any variation from this combination was observed to decrease the activity of these enzymes resulting in reductions in the seed, oil and protein yield of soybean.

Colloidal dispersion gels based on sulfonated polyacrylamide and chromium triacetate for harsh-environment

Jamal Aalaie,Ehsan Alvand,Mahmood Hemmati,Vali Ahmad Sajjadian 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.6

The aim of this study was to outline the preparation of colloidal dispersion gels (CDGs) based on sulfonated polyacrylamide (SPA) and chromium triacetate and investigating their stability in harsh conditions. The effect of crosslinker, polymer concentration, salinity, and gelation time and temperature on the formation, rheological behavior and size distribution of CDGs and also their thermo-chemical stabilities were investigated. It was found that the shear viscosity and size of CDGs decreased with increasing of preparation time. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy evaluations showed that the size of CDGs particles decreased with increasing of the Cr3+ concentration. In addition, SPA solution had yield stress, while CDGs did not. The elevation of temperature inhibits while the salinity does not disturb the formation of CDGs. In the systems with lower polymer concentration, CDGs were formed. Conversely, in the systems with higher polymer concentration, bulk gels were formed. After aging, CDG sample had a minimal viscosity loss, indicating its exceptional thermo-chemical stability.

Binding Pattern Elucidation of NNK and NNAL Cigarette Smoke Carcinogens with NER Pathway Enzymes: an Onco-Informatics Study

Jamal, Qazi Mohammad Sajid,Dhasmana, Anupam,Lohani, Mohtashim,Firdaus, Sumbul,Ansari, Md Yousuf,Sahoo, Ganesh Chandra,Haque, Shafiul Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.13

Cigarette smoke derivatives like NNK (4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) and NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol) are well-known carcinogens. We analyzed the interaction of enzymes involved in the NER (nucleotide excision repair) pathway with ligands (NNK and NNAL). Binding was characterized for the enzymes sharing equivalent or better interaction as compared to +Ve control. The highest obtained docking energy between NNK and enzymes RAD23A, CCNH, CDK7, and CETN2 were -7.13 kcal/mol, -7.27 kcal/mol, -8.05 kcal/mol and -7.58 kcal/mol respectively. Similarly the highest obtained docking energy between NNAL and enzymes RAD23A, CCNH, CDK7, and CETN2 were -7.46 kcal/mol, -7.94 kcal/mol, -7.83 kcal/mol and -7.67 kcal/mol respectively. In order to find out the effect of NNK and NNAL on enzymes involved in the NER pathway applying protein-protein interaction and protein-complex (i.e. enzymes docked with NNK/NNAL) interaction analysis. It was found that carcinogens are well capable to reduce the normal functioning of genes like RAD23A (HR23A), CCNH, CDK7 and CETN2. In silico analysis indicated loss of functions of these genes and their corresponding enzymes, which possibly might be a cause for alteration of DNA repair pathways leading to damage buildup and finally contributing to cancer formation.

Bridging Iranian Exporters with Foreign Markets: Does Diaspora Matter?

( Jamal Ibrahim Haidar ),( Seyed Hossein Mirjalili ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2016 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.31 No.3

After matching a rich micro-level Iranian customs dataset with a macro-level crosscountry database on Iranian diaspora stocks, we establish that diaspora matters for dynamics of Iranian exporters. We document the extent to which Iranian emigrants foster exports through both intensive and extensive margins at the micro-level. We show that destinations with more emigrants from Iran attract more Iranian exporters and allow them to survive longer and grow faster. One plausible explanation is that the diaspora channel reduces the fixed cost of exporting that Iranian exporters incur to enter a destination, those related to creating distribution channels, and those associated with learning about market demand. Our results add firm-level insight to the burgeoning literature on the channels through which emigration could impact economic integration. As Iran is now trying to integrate more with the global economy, these results suggest that Iranian embassies across the world have a role to play in bridging the gap between Iranian diaspora and exporters through trade promotion exhibitions and workshops to encourage greater trade between Iran and the rest of the world.