Life table parameters of Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lep.: Pyralidae) on four varieties of mulberry Morus alba L. (Moraceae)

Marziyeh Oftadeh,Jalal Jalali Sendi,Roya Khosravi 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2

Lesser mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker, is a monophagous pest of mulberry and has recently been reported from northern Iran. The effect of four varieties of mulberry Morus alba L. (Ichinose, Shin Ichinose, Kenmochi and Mahalii) on the life table parameters and biological characteristics of G. pyloalis Walker, was studied at 24 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 75 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (L: D) h. The developmental time of immature stages was longest on Kenmochi being 37.6 days. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was significantly affected by various mulberrys being the highest on Mahalii (0.160) and the lowest on Kenmochi (0.127). The highest and lowest finite rates of increase (λ) were observed on Mahalii 1.174 and Kenmochi 1.136, respectively. The highest amount of gross reproductive rate and the lowest mean generation time (T) was observed on Mahalii. The results obtained in this study indicated that Mahalii appeared to be the most susceptible host to G. pyloalis among the tested varieties.

Biology and demography of Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on mulberry

Roya Khosravi,Jalal Jalali Sendi 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.4

Lesser mulberry pyralid, Glyphodes pyloalis Walker, is a monophagous pest of mulberry and has recently been reported in northern Iran. The biology and life table of this pestwere studied in controlled conditions (24±1 °C,75±5% RH and 16:8 LD). Mortality rate, metamorphosis, appearance of adult insects and adult sex ratio were recorded daily. Data were analyzed based on an age-stage, two-sex life table. Developmental rate among individuals and between sexes were also considered. The developmental periods for the egg, first through fifth instar larvae, prepupae and pupaewere 4.06±0.03, 2.93±0.03, 2.03±0.02, 2.01±0.01, 2.10±0.03, 4.09±0.03,2.04±0.02 and 9.7±0.09 days, respectively. The mean total developmental period from egg to adult was 35.40±0.37 days. The maximumadult longevitywas 7 and 11 days formales and females, respectively. The preoviposition period lasted 2.14±0.04 days. Laboratory observation showed that adults are nocturnal and female lay eggs at night. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were 0.14±0.005 d−1 and 1.15±0.01 d−1. The net reproductive rate (R0), gross reproductive rate (GRR) and mean generation time (T)were 134.67±20.6 female offspring, 294.71±4.07 eggs/female and 34.44±0.2 days, respectively. Life expectancy of freshly laid egg was 32.15 days.

Foraging efficiency of Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) parasitizing the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae), under laboratory conditions

Majid Mahmoudi,Ahad Sahragard,Jalal Jalali Sendi 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.2

Foraging efficiency of Lysiphlebus fabarum Marshall, the most abundant and effective parasitoid of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, in terms of functional and numerical responses and mutual interference, was studied on broad bean plants in a growth chamber at 21 °C, 70±5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Using logistic regression, a type II functional response was determined for L. fabarum. Nonlinear least-square regression was used to estimate the searching efficiency (a') and handling time (Th). Numerical response of L. fabarum to cumulative host densities was partially linearly increasing. Nicholson's model and linear regression were used to determine the per capita searching efficiency and interference coefficient,respectively. In general, the per capita parasitism and, consequently, the per capita searching efficiency decreased significantly as parasitoid density increased. Mutual interference and quest constants were −0.508 and −0.697, respectively. The results of this study suggest that both the host and parasitoid densities have no significant impact on the progeny sex ratio. The information provided here will be useful in assessing the efficiency of L. fabarum as a biological control agent of A. fabae, devising mass-rearing protocols and implementing release programs for this parasitoid.

A novel Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV-IR18 isolate) formulation on hemocyte cultures of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner)

Valizadeh Bita,Afrazeh Zahra,Sendi Jalal Jalali 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.1

The Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) is the active ingrediant biopesticide used to manage larvae. However, the effectiveness of HearNPV is limited by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This study was conducted to develop a new formulation of HearNPV that is more tolerant to UV without compromising its efficiency. A microencapsulated formulation of HearNPV was increase its resistance to UV. For this, the virus was produced using cell lines established from H. armigera hemocytes in two media (Grace’s and EX-CELL 420). The micro encapsulated formulation consisted of two different formulas. Formula A included cotton seed kernel extract, boric acid, glycerol, egg white, Bran, and sugar and Formula B included sodium alginate, gelatin, molasses and starch. The results showed that the microencapsulated formulation B exhibited higher photostability with an efficacy (84. 7 ± 4 %) and an original activity remaining (OAR) of 91.31 ± 2. 9 % after 72 h of exposure to UV by 385 nm. The average percentage of OAR in control HearNPV and formulation A was 10. 22 ± 1. 8 % and 45. 33 ± 3. 6 % respectively, after 72 h of UV exposure, with no significant statistical differences between control and formulation A. The evaluated microencapsulation mixture B had good potential to protect HearNPVs micro particles against UV inactivation. Furthermore, in EX-CELL 420 medium, virulence of the HearNPV close to that of OBs grow in the insect, with a LC 50 of 6.58 × 10 5 OBs/mL. Therefore, the current study aimed to establish a novel and more stable pathogenic formulation in order to manage the cotton bollworm in the field.

Semi-field demographic performance of the invasive planthopper, Orosanga japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) on two host plants

Abbaszadeh Sareh,Karimi-Malati Azadeh,Sendi Jalal Jalali 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3

Orosanga japonica Melichar (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) is an invasive polyphagous pest in Iran. The planthopper damaged host plants by sap-sucking and egg laying on new twigs. This study aimed to determine the life table parameters of O. japonica on Rubus ulmifolius Schoot (elm leaf blackberry) and Melia azedarach L. (chinaberry) under field conditions in Rudsar (North of Iran) during 2019–2020. The collected life history data were analyzed based on age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the incubation period of O. japonica was too long (≈ 270 days) on both host plants. The nymphs emerged from mid-May 2020. The planthopper had five nymphal stages under field conditions. The nymphal duration was 41.39 ± 0.56 days and 38.13 ± 0.62 days on R. ulmifolius and M. azedarach, respectively. The total preadult survival rates were 53.2% and 51.7% on R. ulmifolius and M. azedarach, respectively. Based on the results, a significant shorter total developmental time was observed on M. azedarach. When adults emerged in late July, they laid eggs after 26.05 days and 26.75 days on R. ulmifolius and M. azedarach, respectively. The fecundity on M. azedarach (131.69 egg/female) was significantly higher than that on R. ulmifolius. However, the life table parameters were all not significantly different on the two host plants. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) were 0.0097 ± 0.0005 day − 1 and 0.0105 ± 0.0006 day − 1 on R. ulmifolius and M. azedarach, respectively. Generally, these findings could be helpful to establish an efficient management strategy for this exotic pest.