GENERALIZATION OF INEQUALITIES ANALOGOUS TO HERMITE-HADAMARD INEQUALITY VIA FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS

Iqbal, Muhammad,Iqbal Bhatti, Muhammad,Nazeer, Kiran Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.3

Some Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for the fractional integrals are established and these results have some relationship with the obtained results of [11, 12].

GENERALIZATION OF INEQUALITIES ANALOGOUS TO HERMITE–HADAMARD INEQUALITY VIA FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS

Muhammad Iqbal,Muhammad Iqbal Bhatti,Kiran Nazeer 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.3

Some Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for the fractional integrals are established and these results have some relationship with the obtained results of [11, 12].

Dynamic Integral Sliding Mode for MIMO Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

Qudrat Khan,Aamer Iqbal Bhatti,Sohail Iqbal,Mohammad Iqbal 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2011 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.9 No.1

In this paper the authors propose a novel sliding mode control methodology for Multi-Input and Multi-Output (MIMO) uncertain nonlinear systems. The proposed approach synthesizes dynamic sliding mode and integral sliding mode control strategies into dynamic integral sliding mode. The new control laws establish sliding mode without reaching phase with the use of an integral sliding manifold. Consequently, robustness against uncertainties increases from the very beginning of the process. Fur-thermore, the control laws considerably alleviate chattering along the switching manifold. In addition, the performance of the controller boost up in the presence of uncertainties. A comprehensive compara-tive analysis carried out with dynamic sliding mode control and integral sliding mode control demon-strates superiority of the newly designed control law. A chatter free regulation control of two uncertain nonlinear systems with improved performance in the presence of uncertainties ensures the robustness of the proposed dynamic integral sliding mode controller.

Ten Year Experience with Surgery and Radiation in the Management of Malignant Major Salivary Gland Tumors

Iqbal, Hassan,Bhatti, Abu Bakar Hafeez,Hussain, Raza,Jamshed, Arif Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5

Background: Despite being rare in incidence, malignant tumors of major salivary glands show diverse histological variation. There are limited data on major salivary gland tumor management and outcome from Pakistan. The objective of this study was to share our experience with management of malignant tumors of major salivary glands. Materials and Methods: Patients who received treatment at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and Research Center from July 2002 to June 2011 with an underlying diagnosis of a major salivary gland malignancy were included. Patient characteristics and treatment modalities were assessed. Local, regional and distant failures were determined. Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan Meier curves and the Log rank test was used to determine statistical significance. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: The parotid gland was the primary site of origin in 104 (80%) patients. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (43%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (24%) were the most common histological types. Surgery followed by adjuvant radiation remained the mainstay treatment modality with 81 (62%) patients. Nineteen (15%) patients were treated with surgery alone and 30 (23%) patients with locally advanced surgically inoperable tumors received radiation only. Forty one (32%) patients failed the treatment (local 12, regional 11, locoregional 5, distant 13). The expected 5 year DFS and OS were 65% and 74% respectively. On multivariate analysis, grade was the only independent predictor of DFS and nodal involvement was the only independent predictor of overall survival. Conclusions: Employing existing standards of treatment, comparable survival can be achieved in Pakistani population with major salivary gland malignancies as elsehwere in the world.

Outcomes of Triple-Negative Versus Non-Triple-Negative Breast Cancers Managed with Breast-Conserving Therapy

Bhatti, Abu Bakar Hafeez,Khan, Amina Iqbal,Siddiqui, Neelam,Muzaffar, Nargis,Syed, Aamir Ali,Shah, Mazhar Ali,Jamshed, Arif Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Background: Triple negative breast cancer is associated with aggressive behavior and high risk of local and regional failure. Aggressive surgical intervention is considered suitable. This makes role of breast conserving therapy (BCT) debatable in these patients. The objective of this study was to compare outcome of BCT for triple negative versus non-triple negative breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent breast conserving therapy from 1999 to 2009 at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and had complete receptor status information were extracted. Patients were divided into triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC. Patient characteristics, medical treatment modalities and adverse events were compared. Expected five year locoregional recurrence free, disease free and overall survival was calculated. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify independent predictors of outcome. Results: A total of 194 patients with TNBC and 443 with non-TNBC were compared. Significant difference was present for age at presentation (p<0.0001), family history (p=0.005), grade (p<0.0001) and use of hormonal therapy (p<0.0001). The number of locoregional failures, distant failures and mortalities were not significantly different. No significant difference was present in 5 year locoregional recurrence free (96% vs 92%, p=0.3), disease free (75% vs 74%, p=0.7) and overall survival (78% vs 83%, p=0.2). On multivariate analysis, tumor size, nodal involvement and hormonal treatment were independent predictors of negative events. Conclusions: Breast conserving therapy has comparable outcomes for triple negative and non-triple negative breast cancers.

Robustness and Performance Parameterization of Smooth Second Order Sliding Mode Control

Imran Khan,Aamer Iqbal Bhatti,Ali Arshad,Qudrat Khan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2016 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.14 No.3

Novel robustness and performance parameters are established for Smooth Super Twisting Algorithm(SSTA). The stability of SSTA is well established for arbitrary gains using homogeneity approach. The designand tuning of the controller parameters is a major issue and no analytic design method is available so far. Anovel Lyapunov function is proposed and by the virtue of stability analysis, the stability bounds for a certain classof uncertainties are determined. In addition, the issue of finite time convergence is also explored, resulting indetermination of the settling time as a function of the controller parameters. The proposed settling time formulationsuggests a methodical approach to SSTA design in contrast to the available rules of thumb. Unlike the literatureavailable for Higher Order Sliding Mode (HOSM) controllers, the proposed design framework is validated againsta challenging problem of the Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) process control. Like the other process controlproblems the chosen problem is nonlinear and contains significant uncertainties.

A Smooth Integral Sliding Mode Controller and Disturbance Estimator Design

Muhammad Asad,Aamer Iqbal Bhatti,Sohail Iqbal,Yame Asfia 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2015 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.13 No.6

Integral sliding mode control eliminates the reaching phase of the traditional sliding mode and is therefore robust from the start. However, the phenomenon of chattering inherent to the sliding mode control technique is not eradicated and may result in chattering at the control input. In this work a novel integral sliding mode controller is formulated where the discontinuous control law is based on inverse hyperbolic function and provides variable gain which is a function of the sliding manifold. As the system states converge towards the surface the gain of the discontinuous controller reduces and results in relatively smoother control effort at the steady state. The proposed controller is robust against parameter variations, perturbations and is also used for the disturbance estimation and rejection. Stability of the proposed controller is proved with the help of Lyapunov method. The proposed controller is used to design the controllers for two different problems. The DC motor speed control where the chattering elimination and disturbance cancellation are shown with the help of simulations. In the second problem a digital phase locked loop is designed by using proposed controller where the phenomenon of oscillator pulling is eradicated by the rejection of the injection tone which is treated as a disturbance. Experimental results show eradication of the chattering phenomenon as well as the disturbance.

Chattering and Stability Analysis of the Sliding Mode Control Using Inverse Hyperbolic Function

Muhammad Asad,Muhammad Ashraf,Sohail Iqbal,Aamer Iqbal Bhatti 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.6

Chattering is a known issue in sliding mode control (SMC) and much research has been carried out tomitigate the chattering and its effects. In this work the chattering and stability analysis of the inverse hyperbolicfunction (IHF) based reaching law (RL) has been carried out. The work mathematically formulates the reachingtime and calculates the describing function (DF) for the IHF based RL, which is used to formulate the conditions forchattering avoidance. The bound for the gain of RL has been calculated that will result in the chattering avoidance. Finally the proposed scheme has been used to control the speed of DC motor. Experimental results show avoidanceof chattering and reduction in the reaching time.

Lifetime Performance of Nili-ravi Buffaloes in Pakistan

Bashir, M.K.,Khan, M.S.,Bhatti, S.A.,Iqbal, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.5

Data on 1,037 Nili-Ravi buffaloes from four institutional herds were used to study lifetime milk yield, herd life, productive life and breeding efficiency. A general linear model was used to study the environmental effects while an animal model having herd, year of birth and age at first calving (as covariate) along with random animal effect was used to estimate breeding values. The lifetime milk yield, herd life, productive life and breeding efficiency averaged $7,723{\pm}164$ kg, $3,990{\pm}41$ days, $1,061{\pm}19$ days and 64 percent, respectively. All the traits were significantly (p<0.01) affected by the year of birth and herd of calving, while the herd life was also affected (p<0.01) by the age at first calving. The heritabilities for lifetime milk yield, herd life, productive life and breeding efficiency were $0.093{\pm}0.056$, $0.001{\pm}0.055$, $0.144{\pm}0.079$ and 0.001, respectively. The definition for productive life, where each lactation gets credit upto 10 months had slightly better heritability and may be preferred over the definition where no limit is placed on lactation length. The genetic correlation between productive life and lifetime milk yield was low but high between productive life and herd life. The selection for productive life will increase herd life while lifetime milk yield will also improve. The overall phenotypic trend during the period under the study was negative for lifetime milk yield (-280 kg/year), herd life (-93 days), productive life (-42 days/year) and breeding efficiency (-0.36 percent/year), whereas the genetic trend was positive for lifetime milk yield (+15 kg/year) and productive life (+4 days/year).

Evaluation of different milking practices for optimum production performance in Sahiwal cows

Aslam, Naveed,Abdullah, Muhammad,Fiaz, Muhammad,Bhatti, Jalees Ahmad,Iqbal, Zeeshan Muhammad,Bangulzai, Nasrullah,Choi, Chang Weon,Jo, Ik Hwan Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology 2014 한국축산학회지 Vol.56 No.4

The production performance of multiparous lactating Sahiwal cows (n = 24) was evaluated according to both milking frequency and method. Selected animals were randomly divided into four groups containing six animals each under a completely randomized design. Cows in groups A & B were milked by the hand milking method three times per day, respectively. Similarly, cows in groups C & D were milked by the machine milking method two and three times per day, respectively. All animals were maintained under uniform feeding and management conditions. Dry matter intake was high in animal groups milked three times per day, and it remained unchanged between the hand and machine milking methods. Milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked three times compared to those milked twice per day, and it did not differ between hand and machine milking methods. Milk fat percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked twice per day compared to those milked three times using both machine and hand milking methods. The percentage of total solids showed a similar pattern as the fat percentage. However, percentages of protein, lactose, and non-fat solids in milk were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. Collectively, the results show that milking three times per day instead of twice at 8-hour intervals can enhance milk yield in Sahiwal cows using both hand and machine milking methods.