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Plant secondary metabolites synthesis and their regulations under biotic and abiotic constraints
Shubhra Khare,N. B. Singh,Ajey Singh,Imtiyaz Hussain,Km Niharika,Vijaya Yadav,Chanda Bano,Ravi Kumar Yadav,Nimisha Amist 한국식물학회 2020 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.63 No.3
Plants being sessile entities are often subjected to varied environmental stresses. They have developed an alternative defense mechanism that involves a vast variety of secondary metabolites to serve as tools to cope up with various stress conditions. The exposure of plant cells to abiotic and biotic stresses initiate multilevel reaction cascades that consequently leads to production and accumulation of various secondary metabolites. Various enzymatic and non-enzymatic molecules comprising the antioxidative defense system comes into play to counteract the undesirable efect of ecological stresses. Energy required as fuel in biosynthesis, transport and storage which comprises the costs for the formation of various transcription factors. When plant experiences stress in combination they express various transcription factors that might help the plant to make fexible signaling cascades to increase plant resistance against one of the stress. Based on this limelight, the present review aims to wrap the infuence of diferent abiotic and biotic factors including salt, drought, heavy metals, UV light, herbivory and pathogenesis on secondary metabolites production and their roles in stress tolerance mechanism in plants.
The XRCC1 Arg399Gln Gene Polymorphism and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Study in Kashmir
Khan, Nighat Parveen,Pandith, Arshad Ahmad,Yousuf, Adfar,Khan, Nuzhat Shaheen,Khan, Mosin Saleem,Bhat, Imtiyaz Ahmad,Nazir, Zahoor Wani,Wani, Khursheed Alam,Hussain, Mahboob Ul,Mudassar, Syed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11
Background: The DNA repair gene XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism has been found to be implicated in the development of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), in different populations. We aimed to determine any association of this polymorphism with the risk of CRC in Kashmir. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 confirmed cases of CRC and 146 healthy cancer free controls from the Kashmiri population were included in this study. Genotyping was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: Genotype frequencies of XRCC1 Arg399Gln observed in controls were 34.2%, 42.5% and 23.3% for GG (Arg/Arg), GA (Arg/Gln), AA( Gln/Gln), respectively, and 28.3%, 66.7% and 5% in cases, with an odds ratio (OR)=5.7 and 95% confidence interval (CI) =2.3-14.1 (p=0.0001). No significant association of Arg399Gln SNP with any clinicopathological parameters of CRC was found. Conclusions: We found the protective role of 399Gln allele against risk to the development of CRC. The XRCC1 heterozygote status appears to be a strong risk factor for CRC development in the Kashmiri population.