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Lan-Ting Ma,Ying Wang,Weixing Zhang,HongfangWang,Zhenguo Liu,Baohua Xu 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3
L-Leucine is an important factor for growth and development in animals. However, very little is known about the nutritional role and physiological function of L-leucine in honeybees. In this study,we determined the effects of Lleucine supplementation on protein synthesis and amino acid balance in honeybee larvae. First instar larvaewere fed different L-leucine diets (6.45, 8.45 and 10.45 mg/g) during the entire larval stage. After the larvae egested urate crystals, we analyzed the protein and amino acid metabolism indexes in the larvae. There was little effect of L-leucine on larval body weight and body protein content, but the hemolymph protein concentrations were higher in 8.45 and 10.45 mg/g groups than 6.45 mg/g group. Compared to the 6.45 mg/g group, L-leucine significantly increased the contents of Ala, Leu, Lys and Met in 8.45 mg/g group and continued to be increased in 10.45 mg/g group. L-Leucine affected many TOR signaling pathway- and L-leucine metabolism-related genes, including tor, 4Ebp1, bcaat et al. Moreover, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities as well as the triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), uric acid (UA) and urea nitrogen (URER) contents in haemolymph were significantly different among treatments. These results suggested that many factors involved in the metabolism of L-leucine and larval hemolymph play important roles in honeybee protein synthesis and amino acid balance.
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Xuepeng Chi,Wei Wei,Weixing Zhang,HongfangWang,Zhenguo Liu,Baohua Xu 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2
Insulin-like peptide 2 is an important gene in the insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway. The insulin-like peptide 2 gene (ILP-2) appears to play a key role in metabolism, growth, reproduction, stress resistance and aging. In this study, we isolated and characterized an ILP-2 gene from Apis cerana cerana known as AccILP-2. The full-length AccILP-2 cDNA is 494 bp and contains a 222-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 73 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 8.706 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.02. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that AccILP-2 shares high identity with ILP genes from Apis mellifera, Apis florea, Bombus terrestris, Eufriesea mexicana and Dufourea novaeangliae and contains a typical IlGF-insulin-bombyxin-like domain. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that the greatest expression of AccILP-2 was observed in the muscles of adult workers. Expression analysis results also indicated that AccILP-2 expression was greatest during the dark-eye developmental period. Furthermore, expression of the AccILP-2 transcript was induced by environmental stressors, including exposure to 4 °C, ultraviolet light, H2O2, heavy metals (HgCl2 and CdCl2) and pesticides (dichlorvos, paraquat and cyhalothrin). However, AccILP-2 expression was downregulated at 44 °C. In conclusion, these results suggested that AccILP-2 might play an important role in the response to abiotic stress. We expect that our study will promote future research on the function of the insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway.
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