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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of L5–S1 Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Japanese Women
Hiroaki Hagiwara,Hirofumi Shibata,Hideya Sakakibara,Tomio Inoue 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.5
Study Design: Retrospective case series. Purpose: To calculate the prevalence of L5-S1 intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) by evaluating gynecological disease findings, obtained by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and reveal the risk factors for IDD by analyzing its relationship with age, sacral structure, body mass index (BMI), number of deliveries, and intrapelvic space-occupying lesions. Overview of Literature: Age, obesity, height, smoking history, occupation, and lumbosacral structure are reportedly the main factors of lumbar IDD. However, in women, the relationship of IDD with obstetric and gynecological history is unclear. Methods: The presence of L5–S1 IDD was evaluated on sagittal T2-weighted pelvic MRI during gynecological evaluations in 660 Japanese women. We measured the sacral table angle (STA), sacral kyphosis angle (SKA), and intrapelvic space-occupying lesion size. Age, height, weight, BMI, number of deliveries, lumbosacral structure, size of space-occupying lesions, and presence of uterine leiomyoma based on medical records were compared between the IDD-positive and IDD-negative groups. Results: Lumbosacral IDD was observed in 405 cases (61.4%), and its prevalence increased with age. Differences in age, height, weight, BMI, and number of deliveries between the IDD-positive and -negative groups were significant, but differences in STA, SKA, and presence of uterine leiomyoma and space-occupying lesion size were not. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, BMI, and STA were risk factors for lumbosacral IDD. Conclusions: Age is the biggest risk factor for lumbosacral IDD in Japanese women, with BMI and STA also contributing to its development. However, SKA and obstetric and gynecological history were not significantly involved.
Kita, Yasuyuk,Shibata, Norio,Kawano, Noriyuki,Tohjo, Takashi,Fujimori, Chino,Ohishi, Hirofumi 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1994 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.4
We report the first biomimetic conversion of Arnstein tripeptide analogues (1a and 1b) into cis, ß-lactams (2a and 2b) using O-silylated ketene acetal (3) involving asymmetric induction from the sulfoxide sulfur to the α-carbon. The peptide 1 was treated with 3 at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of ZnI_2, in MeCN to give cis-2, trans-2, and α-siloxysulfide (7). Reaction of R-1 with 3 gave cis-2 predominantly, and S-1 gave a mixture of cis-2 and trans-2. High cis selectivity was obtained by the use of a large volume of solvent and was strongly influenced by the absolute stereochemistry of the sulfaxide, the cysteinylamino group, and the volume of solvent. The cis ß-lactams (2a,b) were obtained preferentially from R-la,b. These chemical transformations strongly support Baldwin's mechanism which involves the initial formation of the cis ß-lactam by the Pummerer-type cyclization of the Arnstein tripeptide in penicillin biosynthesis and provide useful information on the first key step in penicillin biosynthesis.