The enigma of rare Quaternary oolites in the Indian and Pacific Oceans: A result of global oceanographic physicochemical conditions or a sampling bias?

Gallagher, S.J.,Reuning, L.,Himmler, T.,Henderiks, J.,De Vleeschouwer, D.,Groeneveld, J.,Rastegar Lari, A.,Fulthorpe, C.S.,Bogus, K.,Renema, W.,McGregor, H.V.,Kominz, M.A.,Auer, G.,Baranwal, S.,Casta& Elsevier 2018 Quaternary science reviews Vol.200 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Marine ooids are iconic indicators of shallow seawater carbonate saturation state, and their formation has traditionally been ascribed to physicochemical processes. The Indo-Pacific stands out as a region devoid of oolites, particularly during the Quaternary: the “ooid enigma”. Here we present results from recent coring by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP Expedition 356) off west Australia that shows that ooid horizons are common in Pleistocene strata up to 730,000 years old. Extensive “ooid factories” were created due to the presence of long-lived tidally influenced flat–topped tropical platforms suitable for intermittent ooid accretion over hundreds to thousands of years during highstands and times of lower sea level. This work suggests marine ooids may actually be more common in Indo-Pacific than previously reported. Past global ocean alkalinity was elevated during Pleistocene glacial periods and continental climate was generally more arid in the Indo-Pacific region compared to interglacials and the Holocene. Therefore, increased aridity associated with higher alkalinity conditions during the glacials facilitated ooid precipitation on adjacent tropical carbonate platforms particularly offshore from arid Australia. This confluence of factors suggests that more “ooid factories” may be encountered by further coring Indo-Pacific regions with Pleistocene flat long-lived carbonate shelves. However, Indo-Pacific Quaternary ooid occurrences outside Australia are rare, suggesting that the Northwest Shelf may be a unique archive of this non-skeletal precipitate. Further investigations into the petrography and geochemistry of pre-Holocene ooid occurrences will provide insights into their origin and the relative role of biotic, physicochemical and other factors in their formation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Oolites are rare in the Indo-Pacific, particularly during the Quaternary: the “ooid enigma”. </LI> <LI> IODP Expedition 356 off west Australia cored common ooid horizons in strata up to 730,000 years old. </LI> <LI> Extensive “ooid factories” were deposited on tidally influenced flat–topped tropical platforms. </LI> <LI> Oolites were deposited during low and high sea levels in generally arid conditions. </LI> <LI> More “ooid factories” may be found by coring regions with flat long-lived carbonate shelves. </LI> </UL> </P>

Indonesian Throughflow drove Australian climate from humid Pliocene to arid Pleistocene : ITF Drove Australian Climate

Christensen, Beth A.,Renema, Willem,Henderiks, Jorijntje,De Vleeschouwer, David,Groeneveld, Jeroen,Castañ,eda, Isla S.,Reuning, Lars,Bogus, Kara,Auer, Gerald,Ishiwa, Takeshige,McHugh, Cecilia M. American Geophysical Union 2017 Geophysical Research Letters Vol. No.

Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation to Improve Functional Outcome After a Low Anterior Resection:A Systematic Review

Wilhelmina S Visser,Wouter W te Riele,Djamila Boerma,Bert van Ramshorst,Henderik L van Westreenen 대한대장항문학회 2014 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.30 No.3

Purpose: Impaired functional outcome is common after a low anterior resection (LAR). Pelvic floor rehabilitation (PFR) might improve functional outcome after a LAR. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of PFR in improving functional outcome. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched using the terms fecal incontinence, colorectal neoplasm/surgery, LAR, rectal cancer, anterior resection syndrome, bowel habit, pelvic floor, training, therapy, physical therapy, rehabilitation and biofeedback. Of the 125 identified records, 5 articles were included. Results: The 5 included studies reported on 321 patients, of which 286 patients (89%) underwent pelvic floor training. Three studies included patients with anterior resection syndrome after a LAR while the remaining studies included a series of patients after a LAR. Functional outcome was mostly assessed by using the Wexner incontinence scale. Quality of life was assessed in one study, and in three studies, rectal manometry was performed. After PFR, the functional outcome was improved in four studies, as was the quality of life. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrated that PFR is useful for improving the functional outcome after a LAR. The data are extracted from studies of limited quality, but the available evidence points to the effectiveness of the procedure.

Predictors of Fecal Incontinence and Related Quality of Life After a Total Mesorectal Excision With Primary Anastomosis for Patients With Rectal Cancer

Marieke S. Walma,Verena N. N. Kornmann,Djamila Boerma,Marnix A. J. de Roos,Henderik L. van Westreenen 대한대장항문학회 2015 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.31 No.1

Purpose: After total mesorectal excision (TME) with primary anastomosis for patients with rectal cancer, the quality of life (QoL) may be decreased due to fecal incontinence. This study aimed to identify predictors of fecal incontinence and related QoL. Methods: Patients who underwent TME with primary anastomosis for rectal cancer between December 2008 and June 2012 completed the fecal incontinence quality of life scale (FIQoL) and Wexner incontinence score. Factors associated with these scores were identified using a linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 80 patients were included. Multivariate analysis identified a diverting ileostomy (n = 58) as an independent predictor of an unfavorable outcome on the FIQoL subscale coping/behavior (P = 0.041). Ileostomy closure within and after 3 months resulted in median Wexner scores of 5.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.5–8.0) and 10.5 (IQR, 6.0–13.8), respectively (P < 0.001). The median FIQoL score was 15.0 (IQR, 13.1–16.0) for stoma closure within 3 months versus 12.0 (IQR, 10.5–13.9) for closure after 3 months (P = 0.001). Conclusion: A diverting ileostomy is a predictor for an impaired FIQoL after a TME for rectal cancer. Stoma reversal within 3 months showed better outcomes than reversal after 3 months. Patients with a diverting ileostomy should be informed about the impaired QoL, even after stoma closure.

Quality of Life After a Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer in Elderly Patients

Verena N. N. Kornmann,Marieke S. Walma,Marnix A. J. de Roos,Djamila Boerma,Henderik L. van Westreenen 대한대장항문학회 2016 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.32 No.1

Purpose: Fecal incontinence is a major concern, and its incidence increases with age. Quality of life may decrease due to fecal incontinence after both sphincter-saving surgery and a rectal resection with a permanent stoma. This study investigated quality of life, with regard to fecal incontinency, in elderly patients after rectal-cancer surgery. Methods: All patients who underwent elective rectal surgery with anastomosis for rectal cancer between December 2008 and June 2012 at two Dutch hospitals were eligible for inclusion. The Wexner and the fecal incontinence quality of life (FIQoL) scores were collected. Young (<70 years of age) and elderly (≥70 years of age) patients were compared. Results: Seventy-nine patients were included, of whom 19 were elderly patients (24.1%). All diverting stomas that had been placed (n = 60, 75.9%) had been closed at the time of the study. There were no differences in Wexner or FIQoL scores between the young and the elderly patients. Also, there were no differences between patients without a diverting stoma and patients in whom bowel continuity had been restored. Elderly females had significantly worse scores on the FIQoL subscales of coping/behavior (P = 0.043) and depression/self-perception (P = 0.004) than young females. Elderly females scored worse on coping/behavior (P = 0.010) and depression/self-perception (P = 0.036) than elderly males. Young and elderly males had comparable scores. Conclusion: Quality of life with regard to fecal incontinency is worse in elderly females after sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer. Patients should be informed of this impact, and a definite stoma may be considered in this patient group.