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Viewpoints on Acid-Induced Inflammatory Mediators in Esophageal Mucosa
( Karen M Harnett ),( Florian Rieder ),( Jose Behar ),( Piero Biancani ) 대한소화관운동학회 2010 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.16 No.4
We have focused on understanding the onset of gastroesophageal reflux disease by examining the mucosal response to the presence of acid in the esophageal lumen. Upon exposure to HCl, inflammation of the esophagus begins with activation of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member-1 (TRPV1) in the mucosa, and production of IL-8, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and platelet activating factor (PAF). Production of SP and CGRP, but not PAF, is abolished by the neural blocker tetrodotoxin suggesting that SP and CGRP are neurally released and that PAF arises from non neural pathways. Epithelial cells contain TRPV1 receptor mRNA and protein and respond to HCl and to the TRPV1agonist capsaicin with production of PAF. PAF, SP and IL-8 act as chemokines, inducing migration of peripheral blood leukocytes. PAF and SP activate peripheral blood leukocytes inducing the production of H2O2. In circular muscle, PAF causes production of IL-6, and IL-6 causes production of additional H2O2, through activation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. Among these, NADPH oxidase 5 cDNA is significantly up-regulated by exposure to PAF; H2O2 content of esophageal and lower esophageal sphincter circular muscle is elevated in human esophagitis, causing dysfunction of esophageal circular muscle contraction and reduction in esophageal sphincter tone. Thus esophageal keratinocytes, that constitute the first barrier to the refluxate, may also serve as the initiating cell type in esophageal inflammation, secreting inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines and affecting leukocyte recruitment and activity.
A Novel Synthesis of Homologated Allylic Alcohols Using Dimethylsulphonium Methylide
Le Gall, T.,Harnett, J. J.,Alcaraz, L.,Shin,Dong-Soo,Flack, J. R.,Mioskowski, C.,Martel, J. P. 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-
The reaction of excess dimethylsulphonium methylide with various aliphatic and aromatic ketones leads exclusively to homologated allylic alcohols in good yields.
Jennifer Hunter,Joanna E. Harnett,Wai-Jo Jocelin Chan,Marie Pirotta 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.4
Background: Operational definitions outline how a conceptual definition will be measured for consistent, reproducible data collection and analysis. This article reports the decision criteria that will be used for an operational definition of integrative medicine (IM) in a secondary analysis of an Australian national survey of general practitioner activity. Methods: A multidisciplinary team applied an iterative approach, informed by expert knowledge and literature reviews to establish decision criteria for categorizing the terms in the Australian clinical interface terminology of the International Classification of Primary Care, second edition (ICPC-2 PLUS) and the Coding Atlas for Pharmaceutical Substances, according to whether they reflected IM, conventional/mainstream medicine (MM), or both IM and MM (IM/MM). Results: The final decision criteria categorized all terms for examinations, investigations, advice/counselling, and drugs with synthetic ingredients, and terms for referrals to secondary care services and healthcare practitioners that are not a traditional or complementary medicine practitioner as MM. Terms that could apply to both styles of clinical practice (e.g., preventive health, lifestyle medicine, psychosocial and some drugs with natural ingredients) were categorised as IM/MM. The remaining terms, that mostly reflected the World Health Organization's theoretical definitions of traditional and complementary medicine, were categorized as IM. Conclusion: Differentiating between integrative and conventional/mainstream medicine in general practice is context specific and not always possible. The category IM/MM proposes integrative medicine as an extension, rather than an alternative. The rationale for the integrative medicine operational definition has relevance for researchers and health services in Australia, and internationally.
Sulfur Ylide Vinylation of Halides and Mesylates
Le Gall,T.,Martel, J. P.,Harnett, J. J.,Shin,Dong-Soo,Flack, J. R.,Mioskowski, C.,Alcaraz, L. 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-
One-carbon homologation of benzylic, allylic, propargylic and primary halides or mesylates with dimethylsulfonium methylide affords terminal olefins in good to excellent yields.
Mioskowski, C.,Alcaraz, L.,Flack, J. R.,Shin,Dong-Soo,Le Gall, T.,Martel, J. P.,Harnett, J. J. 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-
The reaction of excess of dimethylsulfonium methylide with terminal, allylic, or benzylic epoxides affords good to excellent yields of one carbon homologated allylic alcohols.
Amie Steel,Joshua Z. Goldenberg,Jason A. Hawrelak,Hope Foley,Sophia Gerontakos,Joanna E. Harnett,Janet Schloss,Rebecca Reid 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.4
Background: Naturopathy is one of seven distinct traditional medical systems acknowledged by the World Health Organization. Naturopathic principles and philosophies encourage a focus on multiple body systems during case-taking and the design of treatments. Little is known about whether such teaching translates into practice. This study aimed to characterise naturopathic practice as it relates to the identification of multiple physiological systems in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in collaboration with the World Naturopathic Federation. A survey capturing clinical diagnostic and treatment considerations for up to 20 consecutive patients was administered to naturopaths in 14 countries. Results: Naturopaths (n = 56) were mostly female (62.5%), aged between 36 and 45 years (37.5%), in practice for 5–10 years (44.6%), and consulting between 11 and 20 patients per week (35.7%). Participants completed the survey for 851 patient cases. Naturopaths reported a greater number of physiological systems relevant to clinical cases where the patients were working age (18–65 years) (IRR 1.3, p = .042), elderly (65 years and over) (IRR 1.4, p = .046), or considered by the naturopath to have a chronic health condition (IRR 1.2, p = .003). The digestive system was weakly associated with patients based on chronicity of the health complaint (V = .1149, p = .004), or having a musculoskeletal complaint (V = .1067, p = .002) autoimmune pathophysiology (V = .1681, p < .001), and considered relevant in respiratory (V = .1042, p = .002), endocrine (V = .1023, p = .003), female reproductive (V = .1009, p = .003), and integumentary (V = .1382, p < .001) systems. Conclusion: Naturopaths across the world adopt an integrative physiological approach to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic and complex health care complaints.