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Haeyoung Na,Jeung Wook Heo,Sung Kyeom Kim,Yurina Kwack,Changhoo Chun 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.5
The effect of plant growth regulators, nutrient strength of MS medium, sucrose concentration, and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) on the induction and proliferation of embryogenic callus (EC) in Pimpinella brachycarpa was investigated. The optimal MS medium strength and sucrose concentration for induction and proliferation of EC were 1.0X and 30 gㆍL?¹, respectively. Treatment with 2,4-D resulted in more induction of both EC and non-embryogenic callus (NEC) than other plant growth regulators. The percentage of EC induction was the greatest (40%) after treatment with 2.0 ㎎ㆍL?¹ 2,4-D. Treatment with NAA, IAA, and IBA resulted in rooting and/or shooting, which is disadvantageous for establishing a micropropagation system using somatic embryogenesis. EC proliferation rate was the greatest in auxin-free medium. Better EC induction was found in darkness or dim lighting (20 μ㏖ㆍm?²ㆍs?¹ PPF) compared to higher PPFs. EC proliferation was also retarded at higher PPFs and was best at 0 μ㏖ㆍm?²ㆍs?¹ PPF. After inducing EC from a single explant, the EC mass increased 25 times (from 0.05 to 1.30 g) after 4 weeks when nutritional, chemical and physical factors were optimized.
Haeyoung Na(나해영),Changhoo Chun(전창후) 한국원예학회 2009 원예과학기술지 Vol.27 No.2
한국의 토종 참나물은 종자번식의 어려움 때문에 원예작물로 재배되기 어려워 아직도 자연채취에 의존하고 있다. 토종 참나물의 재배화를 위해서는 번식 방법의 한계를 극복하고 우량 묘의 안정된 공급 체계의 확립 하여야 하는데 이를 위하여 배발생을 이용한 대량 급속 증식 방법의 개발이 필요하다. 참나물의 엽병을 재료로 하여 형성된 배발생 캘러스를 이용하여 체세포배 형성을 시키기 위한 최적 조건은 배지강도 X0.5 MS, sucrose농도 30g L⁻¹의 배지에 kinetin 0.01에서 0.1㎎ L⁻¹를 첨가한 액체배지에 광도은 PPF 20과 50μ㏖ m⁻²s⁻¹에서 현탁배양하는 것이 가장 효율적이었으며 체세포배의 발아에는 배지강도 X0.25 MS, sucrose 30g L⁻¹, IAA 0.05 혹은 BA0.01㎎ L⁻¹를 첨가하여 광조건은 PPF 20과 50μ㏖ m⁻²s⁻¹에서 배양하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다. Formation and germination of somatic embryo (SE) are affected by the concentration of plant growth regulators; MS medium strength, sucrose concentration, and the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) level. The MS medium strength and sucrose concentration for an optimal condition of the SE formation and germination of Pimpinella brachycarpa were x0.5, sucrose 30 g L⁻¹ and x0.25, sucrose 30 g L⁻¹, respectively. When 0.05 ㎎ L⁻¹ of kinetin was treated, the percentage of normal somatic embryo (NSE) formation was the greatest and the percentage of hyperhydric somatic embryo (HSE) formation was the lowest. SE germination rate was greater in treatment of IAA 0.05 ㎎ L⁻¹ or BA 0.01 ㎎ L⁻¹ than those of other treatments. Moreover, better SE formation and germination were found at dimmer lighting (20 μ㏖ m⁻² s⁻¹ of PPF) than that of higher PPFs. SE formation and germination were also retarded at higher PPFs. Optimum PPF for SE formation and germination was 20 μ㏖ m⁻² s⁻¹. After forming SE from EC 0.1 g for 4 weeks, EC 0.1 g resulted in 700 total SE formation. Culturing four SEs for four weeks resulted in a secondary SE formation, germination and eventually 52 plantlets. These results indicate that a huge proliferation rate was achieved at up to 8 weeks of EC at liquid medium suspension culture and SE at solid medium culture. Through the experiment, after inducing EC from EC, the mass of EC was increased by 25 times (from 0.05 to 1.30 g) when each of the nutritional and chemical factors was controlled at the optimized condition.
The Interpretation of Yin-Yang and Korean Women's Status
Na, Haeyoung 숙명여자대학교 아세아여성연구소 2009 Asian Women Vol.25 No.1
This essay examines the ways of teaching of major religions in Korea and their influences on women's rights. Because Buddhism, Confucianism, and Christianity have all consecutively dominated the country at one point or another, Korea is a good place to assess various religious influences on its people. Surprisingly under the current major religions, the religion that offered the most consistent cosmic frame to Korean people is shamanism, which is the oldest indigenous religion in Korea. Moreover, it is laypeople who stood closely to it, rather than prominent leaders who learned foreign religions more, that worked for the equality of women. The first major religion in Korea was Buddhism. Buddhism introduced women's inferiority to men to the Korean society. Confucianism, the second major religion, that firmly held the ukeum-jonyang theory, provided theoretical ground of the oppression of women. Christianity, the third major religion, had well developed teachings about equality. Unfortunately for Korean women, it exercised dual-standard over women with the yin-yang dichotomy. Silhak and Donghak are good examples of the theologization of indigenous egalitarian views of Korean people in terms of yin and yang. The term, yin-yang is a touchstone of equality in Korea. Its interpretation reflects the status of women.
Haeyoung Na,Sung Un Kim,Eun ji Bae,Hanyong Park 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07
Composition of nutrient media, flower bud size, cold pretreatment, heat shock stress, and ethylene inhibitor could have marked effects on microspore embryogenesis. No microspore-derived embryos (MDE) were formed when microspores were isolated from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) flower buds of 1.0-2.5 mm in size, whereas MDE were formed with microspores isolated from 2.5-4.5 and 4.5-6.5 mm flower buds. The microspores isolated from 2.5-4.5 mm flower buds showed high embryo yields. When the isolated microspores were washed with Nitsch & Nitsch (NLN) liquid medium containing 130 g‧L-1 sucrose (NLN-13), the yield of MDE increased significantly when comparing with washing using B-5 liquid medium containing 130 g‧L-1 sucrose.Microspores cultured on half strength NLN liquid medium containing 0.05 mgL-1 silver nitrate (AgNO3) produced the most MDE, showing a more than two-fold increase in yield compared to those cultured on medium without AgNO3. A heat shock pretreatment of microspores at 32°C for 24 h gave high-frequency production of MDE when compare to higher or lower temperatures; no MDE were formed at 42.5°C. Microspore viability is known to decrease rapidly with storage; however, in this experiment, microspore viability was maintained for 24 h at 4°C without media. A polyploidy test indicated that 19.7% of the microspore-derived plants were double haploid, other plants were haploid, and chimeras were haploid and diploid. This protocol is thought to be very useful for efficient production of homozygous lines that is critical for the production of radish F1 hybrids