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Hall, Ryan,Kang, Beom-Goo,Lee, Sanghoon,Chang, Taihyun,Venerus, David C.,Hadjichristidis, Nikos,Mays, Jimmy,Larson, Ronald G. American Chemical Society 2019 Macromolecules Vol.52 No.4
<P>We determine experimentally the “dilution exponent” α for entangled polymers from the scaling of terminal crossover frequency with entanglement density from the linear rheology of three 1,4-polybutadiene star polymers that are blended with low-molecular-weight, unentangled linear 1,4-polybutadiene at various star volume fractions, ϕ<SUB><I>s</I></SUB>. Assuming that the rheology of monodisperse stars depends solely on the plateau modulus <I>G</I><SUB><I>N</I></SUB>(ϕ<SUB>s</SUB>) ∝ ϕ<SUB><I>s</I></SUB><SUP>1+α</SUP>, the number of entanglements per chain <I>M</I><SUB><I>e</I></SUB>(ϕ<SUB><I>s</I></SUB>) ∝ ϕ<SUB><I>s</I></SUB><SUP>-α</SUP>, and the tube-segment frictional Rouse time τ<SUB><I>e</I></SUB>(ϕ<SUB><I>s</I></SUB>) ∝ ϕ<SUB><I>s</I></SUB><SUP>-2α</SUP>, we show that only an α = 1 scaling superposes the <I>M</I><SUB><I>e</I></SUB>(ϕ<SUB><I>s</I></SUB>) dependence of the terminal crossover frequency ω<SUB><I>x</I>,<I>t</I></SUB> of the blends with those of pure stars, not α = 4/3. This is the first determination of α for star polymers that does not rely on any particular tube model implementation. We also show that a generalized tube model, the “Hierarchical model”, using the “Das” parameter set with α = 1 reasonably predicts the rheological data of the melts and blends featured in this paper.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
van Ruymbeke, E.,Lee, H.,Chang, T.,Nikopoulou, A.,Hadjichristidis, N.,Snijkers, F.,Vlassopoulos, D. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 SOFT MATTER Vol.10 No.27
<P>An emerging challenge in polymer physics is the quantitative understanding of the influence of a macromolecular architecture (<I>i.e.</I>, branching) on the rheological response of entangled complex polymers. Recent investigations of the rheology of well-defined architecturally complex polymers have determined the composition in the molecular structure and identified the role of side-products in the measured samples. The combination of different characterization techniques, experimental and/or theoretical, represents the current state-of-the-art. Here we review this interdisciplinary approach to molecular rheology of complex polymers, and show the importance of confronting these different tools for ensuring an accurate characterization of a given polymeric sample. We use statistical tools in order to relate the information available from the synthesis protocols of a sample and its experimental molar mass distribution (typically obtained from size exclusion chromatography), and hence obtain precise information about its structural composition, <I>i.e.</I> enhance the existing sensitivity limit. We critically discuss the use of linear rheology as a reliable quantitative characterization tool, along with the recently developed temperature gradient interaction chromatography. The latter, which has emerged as an indispensable characterization tool for branched architectures, offers unprecedented sensitivity in detecting the presence of different molecular structures in a sample. Combining these techniques is imperative in order to quantify the molecular composition of a polymer and its consequences on the macroscopic properties. We validate this approach by means of a new model asymmetric comb polymer which was synthesized anionically. It was thoroughly characterized and its rheology was carefully analyzed. The main result is that the rheological signal reveals fine molecular details, which must be taken into account to fully elucidate the viscoelastic response of entangled branched polymers. It is important to appreciate that, even optimal model systems, <I>i.e.</I>, those synthesized with high-vacuum anionic methods, need thorough characterization <I>via</I> a combination of techniques. Besides helping to improve synthetic techniques, this methodology will be significant in fine-tuning mesoscopic tube-based models and addressing outstanding issues such as the quantitative description of the constraint release mechanism.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>By coupling and confronting results obtained with different characterization techniques, a detailed description of the sample architectural dispersity is obtained. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4sm00105b'> </P>
Architectural Dispersity in Model Branched Polymers: Analysis and Rheological Consequences
Snijkers, Frank,van Ruymbeke, Evelyne,Kim, Paul,Lee, Hyojoon,Nikopoulou, Anastasia,Chang, Taihyun,Hadjichristidis, Nikos,Pathak, Jai,Vlassopoulos, Dimitris American Chemical Society 2011 Macromolecules Vol.44 No.21
<P>We combine state-of-the-art synthetic, chromatographic, rheological, and modeling techniques in order to address the role of architectural polydispersity in the rheology of model branched polymers. This synergy is shown to be imperative in the field and leads to several important results. Even the best available synthesis is prone to “contamination” by side-products. The exact targeted macromolecular structure can be analyzed experimentally and statistically and eventually fractionated. Temperature-gradient interaction chromatography proves to be an indispensible tool in this process. All techniques are sensitive to the various macromolecular structures, but in different ways. In particular, the presence of side-products may or may not influence the linear rheology, due to competing contributions of the different relaxation processes involved, reflecting different structures at different fractions. Hence, combination of all these techniques is the key for fully decoding the architectural composition of branched polymers and its influence on rheology.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2011/mamobx.2011.44.issue-21/ma2013805/production/images/medium/ma-2011-013805_0019.gif'></P>
Hall, Ryan,Desai, Priyanka S.,Kang, Beom-Goo,Huang, Qifan,Lee, Sanghoon,Chang, Taihyun,Venerus, David C.,Mays, Jimmy,Ntetsikas, Konstantinos,Polymeropoulos, George,Hadjichristidis, Nikos,Larson, Ronal American Chemical Society 2019 Macromolecules Vol.52 No.20
<P>We blend newly synthesized nearly monodisperse four-arm star 1,4-polybutadienes with various well-entangled linear polymers, confirming the conclusions in Desai et al. [<I>Macromolecules</I>201649 (13)49644977] that advanced tube models, namely, the hierarchical 3.0 and branch-on-branch models [Wang, Z.; <I>J. Rheol.</I>201054 (2)223260], fail to predict the linear rheological data when the pure linear polymers have shorter relaxation times, but within 3-4 orders of magnitude of the star polymer. However, when the linear polymer has a longer relaxation time than the star, our new work, surprisingly, finds that non-monotonic dependence of terminal relaxation behavior on composition is both observed experimentally and captured by the models. Combined with previous data from the literature, we present results from over 50 1,4-polybutadiene star-linear blends, suitable for thorough testing of rheological models of entangled polymers.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>