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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : H.Lorenz (검색결과 4 건)
- 무료
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Dependence of Trap Concentrations in ZnO Thin Films on Annealing Conditions
H. von Wenckstern,G. Biehne,M. Lorenz,M. Grundmann,F. D. Auret,W. E. Meyer,P. J. Janse van Rensburg,M. Hayes,J. M. Nel 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5
Electron traps in ZnO thin films were characterized by using thermal admittance and deep level transient spectroscopy. The samples were grown by using pulsed-laser deposition (PLD), and some of them were annealed in oxygen and nitrogen ambients, respectively, or in vacuum. We found that two closely lying defect levels existed in these PLD thin films with thermal activation energies of 300 meV and 370 meV, respectively. While the 300-meV electron trap had similar concentrations after annealing in different ambient, the 370 meV trap was abundant in the as-grown state and after oxygen annealing. Its concentration was considerably reduced after annealing in vacuum or in nitrogen, respectively.
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Review of the Current Status of the U-238, NP-237 and Th-232 Fission Cross Sections
Bak, H.I.,Lorenz, A. Korean Nuclear Society 1971 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.3 No.2
The experimental fission cross-section data of U-238, Np-237 and Th-232, published up to the end of 1970, are reviewed and analyzed between their respective thresholds and 20.0 MeV. The results of a statistical analysis of the available data, performed with a weighted Least-squares Orthogonal Polynomial Pitting computer programme are presented in the form of point-wise cross-section values together with their uncertainties, and in the form of graphs of the fitted curves with an indication of a region of 95% statistical confidence level. An estimate of the fission spectrum weighted average cross-sections and their respective uncertainties is also given.
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CASCADE STATE CONTROL OF ROBUST AC-DRIVES
R.Schonfeld,D.H.Dat,H.Lorenz,Ng.Ph.Quang 전력전자학회 1992 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.1992 No.4
Powerful processors enable to use the state-control in practical applications. To control AC-Drives, the cascade state control is used (Fig. 1) ?<br/> The torque proportional current component is the output value of the outer control loop and the leading value of the inner control loop. This signal is limited. The advantages of this structure, compared to traditional controlmethods are<br/> - very fast torque inpression, based on current-state-control<br/> - robustness against changings of rotor flux coupling<br/> - torque control in the full range of torquelimitation<br/> - aperiodic motion control via an elastically coupled mechanical transmission system<br/> - limitation of the application of sensors by use of state- and disturbance-observers<br/> - robustness against parameter-changings and nonlinearities of the mechanical transmission system<br/> - use of an effective selfcommissioning strategy under respect of the laws of matrix-algebra<br/> - use of an unificated hardware and a unificated software structure for induction motors and synchronous motors<br/> The theoretical analysis is based on discrete state equations. The discretisation of the state equations is combined with a linearisation of the problem. We get useful algorithm to adapt the controllermatrix to the observermatrix automatically.<br/>
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Cost of Illness Due to Typhoid Fever in Pemba, Zanzibar, East Africa
Riewpaiboon, Arthorn,Piatti, Moritz,Ley, Benedikt,Deen, Jacqueline,Thriemer, Kamala,von Seidlein, Lorenz,Salehjiddawi, Mohammad,Busch, Clara Jana-Lui,Schmied, Wolfgang H.,Ali, Said Mohammed,The Typhoi International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Resear 2014 Journal of health, population, and nutrition Vol.32 No.3
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to estimate the economic burden of typhoid fever in Pemba, Zanzibar, East Africa. This study was an incidence-based cost-of-illness analysis from a societal perspective. It covered new episodes of blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever in patients presenting at the outpatient or inpatient departments of three district hospitals between May 2010 and December 2010. Cost of illness was the sum of direct costs and costs for productivity loss. Direct costs covered treatment, travel, and meals. Productivity costs were loss of income by patients and caregivers. The analysis included 17 episodes. The mean age of the patients, was 23 years (range=5-65, median=22). Thirty-five percent were inpatients, with a mean of 4.75 days of hospital stay (range=3-7, median=4.50). The mean cost for treatment alone during hospital care was US$ 21.97 at 2010 prices (US$ 1=1,430.50 Tanzanian Shilling─TSH). The average societal cost was US$ 154.47 per typhoid episode. The major expenditure was productivity cost due to lost wages of US$ 128.02 (83%). Our results contribute to the further economic evaluation of typhoid fever vaccination in Zanzibar and other sub-Saharan African countries.</P>
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