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Gupta Rajat Das,Akonde Maxwell,Sajal Ibrahim Hossain,Al Kibria Gulam Muhammed 대한고혈압학회 2021 Clinical Hypertension Vol.27 No.2
Background: Previous studies that investigated association of height with prevalence and control of hypertension found mixed results. This cross-sectional study explored these associations among US adults (≥20 years). Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–18 data was analyzed. Height was measured in meters and was converted into centimeters (cm) and was further divided into quartiles: Q1 (135.3–159.2 cm), Q2 (159.3–166.2 cm), Q3 (166.3–173.6 cm), Q4 (173.7–204.5 cm). Hypertension definition of the ‘2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline’ was used. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to find out the association between the dependent variable and the covariates. Linear regression analyses were conducted to find out the association of height with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and the covariates among the individuals who were not taking any antihypertensive drugs. Crude odds ratio, adjusted odds ratio (AOR), and adjusted beta-coefficient (for linear regression) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. The following covariates were included: age, gender, race/ethnicity, family income, education level, cholesterol level, high-density lipoprotein level, chronic kidney disease status, diabetes status, smoker, aerobic leisure-time physical activity, and survey period. Sample weight of NHANES was adjusted. Results: Among the 21,935 participants (47.1% males), the prevalence of hypertension was 46.1%. Among 6154 participants taking medication (43.0% males), 57.2% had uncontrolled hypertension. In the final logistic regression analyses, participants in Q2 height quartile had 20% lower odds of being hypertensive compared to those in Q4 height quartile (AOR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7,1.0). Other height categories did not reveal any significant association. Compared to Q4 height category, Q1 (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2,2.3), Q2 (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1,1.8), and Q3 (AOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1,1.6) height categories had higher odds of uncontrolled hypertension. PP was inversely associated and DBP was positively associated with height Conclusions: Although height was not associated with prevalence of hypertension, it had inverse association with uncontrolled hypertension. It was also significantly associated with DBP and PP among the individuals with untreated hypertension.
Ashok Agarwal,Sharma Rakesh,Gupta Sajal,Finelli Renata,Parekh Neel,Selvam Manesh Kumar Panner,Pompeu Camila Pinho,Madani Sarah,Belo Andrea,Darbandi Mahsa,Singh Neha,Darbandi Sara,Covarrubias Simryn,Sa 대한남성과학회 2022 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.40 No.1
Semen analysis is a basic test for evaluating male fertility potential, as it plays an essential role in driving the future management and treatment of infertility in couples. Manual semen analysis includes the evaluation of both macroscopic and microscopic parameters, whereas automated semen analysis is conducted through a computer-aided sperm analysis system and can include additional parameters that are not evaluated by manual analysis. Both quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) are important to ensure reproducible results for semen analysis, and represent fundamental checks and balances of all stages (pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical) of semen analysis. To ensure accuracy and precision, the laboratory technicians’ performance should be evaluated biannually. This narrative review aims to describe standardized laboratory procedures for an accurate assessment of semen parameters that incorporate both QC and QA practices.
Sharma Rakesh Kumar,Gupta Sajal,Agarwal Ashok,Finelli Renata,Kuroda Shinnosuke,Saleh Ramadan,Boitrelle Florence,Kavoussi Parviz,Gül Murat,Tadros Nicholas,Ko Edmund,Farkouh Ala’a,Henkel Ralf,Arafa Moha 대한남성과학회 2022 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.40 No.4
Purpose: Azoospermia is defined as the absence of spermatozoa in the pellet of a centrifuged semen sample. In fact, when a basic semen analysis fails to detect sperm in the ejaculate, there is still the possibility of detecting rare sperm after centrifugation of the sample and examination of the pellet. In this study, we assessed the role of Cytospin centrifugation in combination with the nuclear fast picroindigocarmine (NF-PIC) staining in identifying sperm in azoospermic samples. Materials and Methods: Semen samples of 251 men diagnosed as having azoospermia after standard examination were further analyzed by Cytospin centrifugation in combination with NF-PIC staining. Results: Sperm were detected in 60 men (23.9%), thus changing their diagnosis to cryptozoospermia. Conclusions: By identifying sperm in the semen of men who were thought to have total azoospermia, the Cytospin NF-PIC test can alter the diagnosis and further treatment of these men.
Panner Selvam Manesh Kumar,Agarwal Ashok,Sharma Rakesh,Samanta Luna,Gupta Sajal,Dias Tânia R.,Martins Ana Dias 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.2
Purpose: Aberrant expression of seminal plasma proteins are associated with altered homeostasis that may affect the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. However, the precise roles of seminal exosomes on sperm function remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with varicocele-mediated infertility by comparing seminal plasma protein profile of unilateral varicocele patients with proven fertile donors. Materials and Methods: Semen samples were obtained from 10 proven fertile donors with normal semen parameters and 33 infertile patients with unilateral varicocele. For proteomic analysis, 5 samples from each group were pooled and run in triplicate. Key DEPs (ANXA2, TF, CD63, KIF5B, SEMG1) associated with the exosome function were selected by bioinformatic tools and validated using Western blotting. Results: A total of 47 seminal plasma proteins were differentially expressed in unilateral varicocele patients compared to fertile donors. Validation of exosome-associated DEPs in unilateral varicocele patients (n=7) and fertile donors (n=7) revealed significant upregulation of ANXA2 (p=0.0016) and downregulation of KIF5B (p=0.009). The main upstream regulators of the DEPs in seminal plasma of unilateral varicocele group were androgen receptor, YB1 and NRF2. Conclusions: This is the first report to identify DEPs in seminal plasma of unilateral varicocele patients compared to fertile donors. Based on the detection of DEPs associated with exosomal function, Western blotting was used to validate the presence of defective exosome machinery in seminal plasma of unilateral varicocele patients. KIF5B and ANXA2 can be utilized as potential biomarkers of infertility in unilateral varicocele patients.
A Web-Based Global Educational Model for Training in Semen Analysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Agarwal Ashok,Finelli Renata,Durairajanayagam Damayanthi,Leisegang Kristian,Sharma Rakesh,Gupta Sajal,Singh Neha,Belo Andrea,Darbandi Mahsa,Madani Sarah,Covarrubias Simryn,Darbandi Sara,Sadeghi Raha,P 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.4
Purpose: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the American Center for Reproductive Medicine (ACRM) transitioned its annual training in assisted reproductive technology (ART) from a hands-on, laboratory-based training course to a fully online training endorsed by the American College of Embryology. Here we describe our experience and assess the quality of an online training format based on participant outcomes for the first three modules of a planned series of online ART training. Materials and Methods: These modules included manual semen analysis, sperm morphology and ancillary semen tests (testing for leukocytospermia, sperm vitality, and anti-sperm antibody screening). The virtual format consisted of lecture presentations featuring laboratory protocols with corresponding video demonstrations of routine techniques and best practices. Practical scenarios, troubleshooting, and clinical interpretation of laboratory results were also discussed. At the end of each module, an optional multiple choice question test was held as a prerequisite to obtain certification on the topics presented. Course quality was assessed using participant responses collected via online surveys. Results: The digital delivery methods used were found to have largely or completely met the participants’ expectations for all questions (>85%). The majority (>87%) of the participants either strongly agreed or agreed that the course content was well-structured with appropriate depth, and that their overall expectations of the course had been met. Conclusions: This training format appears to be a realistic teaching option to freely share highly specialized expertise and technical knowledge with participants from anywhere in the world with varying levels of competency or experience.