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Performance of reduced bit-depth acquisition for optical frequency domain imaging
Goldberg, Brian D.,Vakoc, Benjamin J.,Oh, Wang-Yuhl,Suter, Melissa J.,Waxman, Sergio,Freilich, Mark I.,Bouma, Brett E.,Tearney, Guillermo J. The Optical Society 2009 Optics express Vol.17 No.19
<P>High-speed optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) has enabled practical wide-field microscopic imaging in the biological laboratory and clinical medicine. The imaging speed of OFDI, and therefore the field of view, of current systems is limited by the rate at which data can be digitized and archived rather than the system sensitivity or laser performance. One solution to this bottleneck is to natively digitize OFDI signals at reduced bit depths, e.g., at 8-bit depth rather than the conventional 12-14 bit depth, thereby reducing overall bandwidth. However, the implications of reduced bit-depth acquisition on image quality have not been studied. In this paper, we use simulations and empirical studies to evaluate the effects of reduced depth acquisition on OFDI image quality. We show that image acquisition at 8-bit depth allows high system sensitivity with only a minimal drop in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to higher bit-depth systems. Images of a human coronary artery acquired in vivo at 8-bit depth are presented and compared with images at higher bit-depth acquisition.</P>
Oh, Wang-Yuhl,Vakoc, Benjamin J.,Shishkov, Milen,Tearney, Guillermo J.,Bouma, Brett E. The Optical Society 2010 Optics letters Vol.35 No.17
<P>We demonstrate a high-speed wavelength-swept laser with a tuning range of 104nm (1228-1332nm) and a repetition rate of 403kHz. The design of the laser utilizes a high-finesse polygon-based wavelength-scanning filter and a short-length unidirectional ring resonator. Optical frequency domain imaging of the human skin in vivo is presented using this laser, and the system shows sensitivity of higher than 98dB with single-side ranging depth of 1.7mm over 4dB sensitivity roll-off.</P>
Do-Yeon Cho,Daniel Skinner,Shaoyan Zhang,Ahmed Lazrak,Dong Jin Lim,Christopher G. Weeks,Catherine G. Banks,Chang Kyun Han,Si-Kwan Kim,Guillermo J. Tearney,Sadis Matalon,Steven M. Rowe,Bradford A.Woodw 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.1
Background: Abnormal chloride (Cl⁻) transport has a detrimental impact on mucociliary clearance in both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF chronic rhinosinusitis. Ginseng is a medicinal plant noted to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The present study aims to assess the capability of red ginseng aqueous extract (RGAE) to promote transepithelial Cl⁻ secretion in nasal epithelium. Methods: Primary murine nasal septal epithelial (MNSE) [wild-type (WT) and transgenic CFTR<SUP>-/-</SUP>], fisher-rat-thyroid (FRT) cells expressing human WT CFTR, and TMEM16A-expressing human embryonic kidney cultures were utilized for the present experiments. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and airway surface liquid (ASL) depth measurements were performed using microeoptical coherence tomography (mOCT). Mechanisms underlying transepithelial Cl⁻ transport were determined using pharmacologic manipulation in Ussing chambers and whole-cell patch clamp analysis. Results: RGAE (at 30㎍/mL of ginsenosides) significantly increased Cl⁻ transport [measured as change in short-circuit current (ΔISC = ㎂/㎠)] when compared with control in WT and CFTR<SUP>-/-</SUP> MNSE (WT vs control = 49.8±2.6 vs 0.1 +/- 0.2, CFTR<SUP>-/-</SUP> = 33.5±1.5 vs 0.2±0.3, p < 0.0001). In FRT cells, the CFTR-mediated ΔISC attributed to RGAE was small (6.8 ± 2.5 vs control, 0.03 ± 0.01, p < 0.05). In patch clamp, TMEM16A-mediated currents were markedly improved with co-administration of RGAE and uridine 5-triphosphate (8406.3 +/- 807.7 pA) over uridine 5-triphosphate (3524.1 +/- 292.4 pA) or RGAE alone (465.2 +/- 90.7 pA) (p < 0.0001). ASL and CBF were significantly greater with RGAE (6.2 +/- 0.3 ㎛ vs control, 3.9 +/- 0.09 ㎛; 10.4+/-0.3 ㎐ vs control, 7.3 ± 0.2 ㎐; p < 0.0001) in MNSE. Conclusion: RGAE augments ASL depth and CBF by stimulating Cl⁻ secretion through CaCC, which suggests therapeutic potential in both CF and non-CF chronic rhinosinusitis.