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        Inductive expression patterns of genes related to Toll signaling pathway in silkworm (Bombyx mori) upon Beauveria bassiana infection

        Tao Geng,Yuxia Huang,Chengxiang Hou,Guangxing Qin,Dingding Lv,Xijie Guo 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3

        Innate immunity is critical to insects and plays an important role in pathogen elimination and wound healing. Toll signaling pathway is the major signaling pathway associated with insect innate immunity mediating synthesis of anti-fungal/bacterial peptides. To better understand the Toll signaling pathwaymediated immune response in Bombyx mori against Beauveria bassiana infection, expression patterns of genes encoding sixteen putative components of Toll signaling pathway in the silkworm larvae challenged with B. bassiana, including four pattern recognition receptors (PRRs, i.e. BmβGRP 1, 2, 3, 4), eight Toll-like receptors (TLRs, i.e. Bm18w, BmToll 1, 3, 6, 9, 7, 10, 11) and four effectors (BmMoricin 1, BmGloverin 2, BmDefensin 1 and BmLysozyme 1), were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. At the same time, the changes in their expression by RNAi knock-down of the four PRRswere also detected.Moreover, the effects of Toll signaling pathway inhibitors on antifungal activity in larvae hemolymphwere also analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of genes encoding sixteen putative components of Toll signaling pathway were obviously altered by the challengewith B. bassiana, but their temporal regulation mode was significantly different. Based on the expression patterns of the genes related to Toll signaling pathway, two sub-paths of immune signal recognition and transduction might be proposed in the response of silkworm larvae against B. bassiana infection. Besides, Toll signaling pathway inhibitor could significantly inhibit the antifungal activity in hemolymph and resulted in increased sensitivity of silkworm larvae to the B. bassiana infection, while the treatment with heat-inactivated B. bassiana could induce antifungal activity in the hemolymph and led to stronger resistance of the silkworm. These results implied that Toll signaling pathway played important roles in the antifungal immune response of the silkworm larvae, in which different components of Toll signaling pathway might play a specific regulatory function. These findings yield insights into the innate immune mechanisms underlying Toll signaling pathway in silkworm.

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        Facile Synthesis of Graphene–Enwrapped Ag3PO4 Composites with Highly Efficient Visible Light Photocatalytic Performance

        Shi Lei,Da Chen,Wenting Xie,Jing Zhang,Guangxing Ping,Meiqiang Fan,Laishun Qin,Liqun Bai,Zhi Chen,Chunju Lv,Kangying Shu 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.1

        In this work, thermally exfoliated graphene nanosheets (GNS) were employed to prepare novel Ag3PO4–GNS composite photocatalysts by a facile chemical precipitation approach. The asprepared Ag3PO4–GNS composite photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, ultraviolet-visible diffuse re-flectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. It was found that the Ag3PO4 particles were well deposited on the surfaces of GNS. Compared with bare Ag3PO4 and Ag3PO4–rGO composite, the Ag3PO4–GNS composite exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic degradation rate of Ag3PO4–GNS composite was 1.7 times that of bare Ag3PO4 and about 1.3 times that of Ag3PO4–rGO for the degradation of RhB. Furthermore, the photocatalytic stability of Ag3PO4–GNS composite was also greatly enhanced. This enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability could be ascribed to the positive synergetic effects between the Ag3PO4 particles and GNS sheets, which could provide a greater number of active adsorption sites, suppress charge recombination and reduce the serious photocorrosion of Ag3PO4. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of RhB over Ag3PO4–GNS composites was also optimized, suggesting that the optimal amount of GNS in the composites was 11.4 wt.%. This work shows a great potential of Ag3PO4–GNS composite for environmental treatment of organic pollutants.

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