http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Port Development and the Environment : External Costs from Dredge Disposal and Air Pollution
Thomas Grigalunas,Simona Trandafir,Meifeng Luo,James Opaluch,Kwon, Suk-Jae Jungseok Research Institute of International Logis 2004 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.1 No.2
This paper analyzes two external costs often associated with port development, cost to fisheries from marine dredge disposal and damages from air pollution, using estimates of development and operation for a proposed(but since cancelled) container port as a case study. For dredge disposal, a bio-economic model was used to assess short- and long-term and indirect(foodweb) damages to fisheries from marine disposal of clean sediments. In the case of air pollution, estimates of annual activity levels and emission coefficients are used to estimate incremental annual emissions of three key pollutants (NOx, HC and CO) for trucks, trains, yard vehicles, and vessels.These estimates allow for phasing in of strict new air pollution regulations. For both external costs, sensitivity analyses are used to reflect uncertainty. Estimates of shadow values in year 2002 dollars amount from $0.094 per cubic yard to $0.169 per cubic yard of clean dredged material for the selected disposal site and from $0.0584 per mile (for current control standards) to $0.0023 per mile (after phasing in of new regulations) for air pollution from heavy trucks.
Improving Marine Policy through Use of Visualization Tools in a Policy Simulation Lab
James Opaluch,Thomas Grigalunas,Meifeng Luo,Huiting Zhang,권석재,정봉민,장영태 한국학술연구원 2002 Korea Observer Vol.33 No.2
Technical studies can shed light on many complex marinepolicy issues. However, conveying this information in easilyunderstandable ways to decision makers and other stakeholders isoften a difficult task. This paper will present initial draft results of ongoing work to develop new tools to help interested parties bettervisualize the consequences of policy actions and to integrate thetools into larger project analyses. The project uses the new stateof-the-art Policy Simulation Laboratory (SimLab) at the Univeristyof Rhode Island to communicate the consequences ofchange in the community. The SimLab is a group of networkedrooms and computer systems that utilize technology-based tools,like Geographic Information Systems (GIS), digital imagery andvirtual reality software, to help communities better visualize theconsequences of development (See http://www.uri.edu/cels/enre/Preview/SimLab/). For example, modeling tools can be used toforecast future development in a town, and GIS maps can be createdto show likely spatial distribution of future developments. Byclicking on specific areas of development on the maps, virtualreality tools allow interactive virtual drive-throughs or fly-bys ofdevelopments, complete with visuals and sound. Computer systemscan be used for forecast how different policy scenarios canbe used to attempt to manage the future of the community. In this paper we report on our initial progress toward thecreation and use of visualization tools, within the context of twolarger applications in coastal regions. The first application is partof a larger project to determine social, ecological and economicimpacts of alternative development scenarios in South County,Rhode Island. We intend to use virtual reality tools to help interestedparties better visualize the aesthetic consequences of newdevelopments. The second application is part of a larger ongoinganalysis to assess potential demand and community impacts of aproposed container port in Quonset Point, Rhode Island. We presentinitial drafts of technology-based tools to present visual andauditory impacts of a new port. Ongoing work will extend applicationsto coastal issues in Korea.
Assessment of Noise Externalities by Using Hedonic Price Model
권석재,토마스 글리갈루나스,이문숙,강길모,Kwon, Suk-jae,Grigalunas, Thomas A.,Lee, Moon-Suk,Kang, Gil-Mo The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safet 2008 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.14 No.4
소음의 외부효과는 현대사회에서 흔히 발견되는 문제라고 할 수 있다. 소음은 재산적 피해와 같은 외부효과를 발생시키며, 따라서 소음으로 인한 재산피해를 평가하고 효과적 해결책을 찾아내는 연구는 매우 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 분석결과는 통계적 유의성이 있으며, 소음이 재산적 가치에 부정적 효과가 있음을 보여 주고 있다. 모형의 주요 결과로는 소음 단위(데시빌)당 피해액이 추정(5,000 달러${\ast}$로그(dB))되었고, 추정된 소음피해함수(잠재가격함수)는 소음의 한계효과가 감소함을 나타내고 있다. Noise externalities are a ubiquitous problem in modern societies. Research to estimate damages and potential efficient solutions therefore is important for addressing such problems. The results of a hedonic property model show that noise has a statistically significant and quantitatively important negative effect on property values. The key results for the best model show that damages (in year 2000 dollars) are - $5000 ${\ast}$ (ln dB), where dB is noise measured in decibels, allowing for the influence of other factors. Because ln(dB) is a strictly concave funaion, the "noise damage function"exhibits diminishing marginal effects with noise.