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Brent E. Walling,Gee W. Lau 한국미생물학회 2014 The journal of microbiology Vol.52 No.3
Occupational and environmental pulmonary exposure tocarbon nanotubes (CNT) is considered to be a health riskwith a very low threshold of tolerance as determined by theUnited States Center for Disease Control. Immortalized airwayepithelial cells exposed to CNTs show a diverse range ofeffects including reduced viability, impaired proliferation,and elevated reactive oxygen species generation. Additionally,CNTs inhibit internalization of targets in multiple macrophagecell lines. Mice and rats exposed to CNTs often developpulmonary granulomas and fibrosis. Furthermore, CNTshave immunomodulatory properties in these animal models. CNTs themselves are proinflammatory and can exacerbatethe allergic response. However, CNTs may also be immunosuppressive,both locally and systemically. Studies that examinedthe relationship of CNT exposure prior to pulmonaryinfection have reached different conclusions. In somecases, pre-exposure either had no effect or enhanced clearanceof infections while other studies showed CNTs inhibitedclearance. Interestingly, most studies exploring this relationshipuse pathogens which are not considered primarypulmonary pathogens. Moreover, harmony across studies isdifficult as different types of CNTs have dissimilar biologicaleffects. We used Pseudomonas aeruginosa as model pathogento study how helical multi-walled carbon nanotubes (HCNTs)affected internalization and clearance of the pulmonary pathogen. The results showed that, although HCNTs can inhibitinternalization through multiple processes, bacterial clearancewas not altered, which was attributed to an enhancedinflammatory response caused by pre-exposure to HCNTs. We compare and contrast our findings in relation to otherstudies to gauge the modulation of pulmonary immune responseby CNTs.
Heo, Yun-Jeong,Chung, In-Young,Choi, Kelly B.,Lau, Gee W.,Cho, You-Hee Microbiology Society 2007 Microbiology Vol.153 No.9
<P>A temperate transposable bacteriophage (MP22) was isolated from a Korean clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has a coliphage lambda-like morphology and a double-stranded DNA genome. The complete nucleotide sequence and annotation of the MP22 genome and its characteristics are presented. The MP22 genome is 36 409 bp long with a G+C content of 64.2 mol%. The genome contains 51 proposed ORFs, of which 48 (94 %) display synteny and significant nucleotide and protein sequence similarity to the corresponding ORFs of the closely related phage, D3112. Three of the predicted ORFs are unique proteins, whose functions are yet to be revealed. The phage c repressors exhibit striking dissimilarities and, when present as a single gene, did not show cross-immunity. In contrast, although an MP22 lysogen could be productively infected with D3112, MP22 could not grow on a D3112 lysogen, indicating a role of other D3112 genes in superinfection exclusion.</P>