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Product Quality and the International Location of Manufacturing Industry
( Sylvia D. Gottschalk ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2002 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.17 No.2
This paper investigates how trade liberalisation affects manufacturing production in the South when consumer perception of product substitutability in North and South is asymmetric. Consumers in the former view foreign goods as poorer substitutes of domestic varieties, while in the latter foreign and domestic varieties are equally substitutable. The main result of our exercise is that asymmetric product substitutability gives firms in the North better access to markets in the South. Local manufacturing production then becomes unsustainable even at positive trade costs, while deepening trade liberalisation usually results in the South specialising in non-industrial production.
OH, Sang-Ik,JEON, Albert Byungyun,JUNG, Byeong-Yeal,BYUN, Jae-Won,GOTTSCHALK, Marcelo,KIM, Aeran,KIM, Jong Wan,KIM, Ha-Young JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 2017 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.79 No.4
<P><I>Streptococcus suis</I> is an important pig pathogen with potential for human transmission. The serotype distributions and phenotypic characteristics vary over time and among regions; however, little is known about the characteristics of <I>S. suis</I> isolates in Korea. In this study, 240 <I>S. suis</I> isolates collected from pigs in Korea in 2009–2010 were serotyped by coagglutination tests, subsequently screened for three virulence-associated genes (<I>mrp</I>, <I>epf</I> and <I>sly</I>) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. As for 80 isolates, the serotypes of which were relevant to human infections, clonal complexes (CCs) were further identified by PCR. Serotype 3 was the most prevalent (15.8%), followed by serotype 2 (15.0%), with geographical variation for each serotype. Overall, 55.4% of the isolates carried <I>mrp</I>, whereas only 3.8% carried <I>epf.</I> CC25 was the most prevalent (41.3%) and was related to serotypes 2 and 9. The isolates showed higher susceptibility to ampicillin (93.4%) and ceftiofur (90.8%) than to the other antimicrobial agents tested. The highest resistance rate was observed to tetracycline (98.0%), followed by erythromycin (88.8%). In addition, the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with virulence-associated genes or serotypes. Therefore, continuous characterization of <I>S. suis</I> is essential for the benefit of veterinary and human medicine.</P>
KANG, Ikjae,SEO, Hwi Won,PARK, Changhoon,OH, Yeonsu,LEE, Jeehoon,YOU, Ok Heui,KIM, Sung-Hoon,GOTTSCHALK, Marcelo,CHAE, Chanhee The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2014 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.76 No.1
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The objective of this study was to develop digoxigenin-labeled <I>in situ</I> hybridization (ISH) for the detection of <I>Streptococcus suis</I> in naturally infected pigs with polyserositis and to compare it with biotinylated ISH. Digoxigenin-labeled hybridization signals for <I>S. suis</I> were observed in cells that had infiltrated the fibrous polyserositis and microcolonies in the blood vessels. Mock hybridization showed no hybridization signals for endogenous digoxigenin. Biotinylated hybridization signals for <I>S. suis</I> were observed in cells that had infiltrated the fibrous polyserositis. However, similar hybridization signals were also observed in the fibrous inflammatory area using mock hybridization for endogenous biotin. The present study demonstrated that digoxigenin-labeled ISH is a valuable diagnostic tool for specific detection of <I>S. suis</I> in polyserositic tissues without nonspecific reactions compared with biotinylated ISH.</P>
Kim, Duyeol,Han, Kiwon,Oh, Yeonsu,Kim, Chung Hyun,Kang, Ikjae,Lee, Jeehoon,Gottschalk, Marcelo,Chae, Chanhee Canadian Veterinary Medical Association = Associat 2010 Canadian journal of veterinary research Vol.74 No.4
<P>The objective of this study was to determine the capsular serotypes and potential virulence factors of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs with polyserositis. Among the 24 isolates evaluated, serotype 3 [7 (29%) of the isolates] and serotype 4 [5 (21%)] were the most common. The isolates were also studied for the presence of the genes mrp, epf, and sly, which encode muramidase-released protein (MRP), extracellular factor (EF), and suilysin (SLY), respectively. Of the 24 isolates, 8 carried mrp: 4 of serotype 3, 2 of serotype 2, and 2 of serotype 4. One mrp(+) isolate (serotype 2) also carried the epf gene. All 24 isolates carried the sly gene. The serotype and genotype distribution greatly differed from that reported for isolates from pigs with other clinical manifestations of S. suis infection in other countries.</P>